Abstract
Naturally occurring electromagnetic noise at very low and low frequencies generated in the ionosphere or the magnetosphere is called VLF and LF emission. There are different types of noise classified according to their shape in a frequency—time spectrogram (Gallet, 1959), but they can all be characterized as either discrete noise, which has a clear structure in the spectrogram, or hiss, which has no or very little structure and so resembles white noise.
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Jørgensen, T.S. (1969). VLF and LF Emissions at Auroral Latitudes. In: D’angelo, N. (eds) Low-Frequency Waves and Irregularities in the Ionosphere. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3402-9_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3402-9_9
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