Abstract
The theory of knowledge of dialectical materialism considers the process of knowledge to be a complex and variegated process of the reflection of reality. The general movement of the process of thought is summed up in the Leninist formula: “from living contemplation to abstract thought and thence to practice”.
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References
Our attention was called to the necessity of distinguishing the problems ‘sensation-thought’ and ‘empirical-theoretical’ by E. D. Smirnova [12; 324–325], P. V. Kopnin [7], P. V. Tavanec and V. S. Svyrev [13].
We did not clearly make this delimitation in our article, ‘On the Merits and Errors of one Logical-Philosophical Conception’ [9].
It might be better to speak not about two levels of idealization but about theoretical objects of different depths.
We are of the opinion that the division of objects into theoretical and empirical is properly not a semantic but methodological question. But the division made in the methodological section determines certain conditions in the semantic section,
In general there is no need for a substitution rule if one chooses the method of axiom schemata.
A substitution rule should be added to the formation rule.
The rule (II2) is subject to the condition that A (x) does not depend on the formulae in r in which x is free.
In the immediate future we intend to develop this system fully and to compare it with systems of strict implication, with constructive logic, and with systems of modal logic.
This is very natural. One could, of course, define ‘law of nature’ in a narrow sense as well as in a wider sense, which would not include logical laws.
“Associative psychology… was an explanatory science. It tried to explain psychic phenomena. But it understood explanation in a special way, as the reconstruction of the whole from the elements into which it had been distributed.” Rubinstejn, S. L.: Osnovy psixologii [Principles of Psychology], Moscow 1935, p. 67. 11 One must not confuse the discovery of the functional algorithm of the system with the definition of the state of the system through the primitive data.
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© 1970 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
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Smirnov, V.A. (1970). Levels of Knowledge and Stages in the Process of Knowledge. In: Tavanec, P.V. (eds) Problems of the Logic of Scientific Knowledge. Synthese Library, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3393-0_2
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