Abstract
Though by profession not a philosopher but a poet, Hölderlin’s intellectual development played a vital role in determining the direction which German Idealist speculation took during the nineties.1 Reflecting his own enthusiasm for the Girondist phase of the French Revolution, Hölderlin, during his last years at the Stift in 1793–1794, had developed a world-view which insisted on the real correspondence of freedom, society and nature. This politically and socially oriented pantheism inspired his friends Hegel and Schelling to seek to integrate these spheres into their own early thought.2
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References
Johannes Hoffmeister, Holderlin und die Philosophie, (Leipzig, 1942), 18;.
Ernst Müller, Holderlin-Studien zur Geschichte seines Geistes (Stuttgart and Berlin, 1944), 130;
Ernst Gassirer, “Holderlin und der deutsche Idealismus,” Idee und Gestalt (Berlin, 1921)
Emil Staiger, Der Geist der Liebe und das Schicksal, (Leipzig, 1935), 11; Karl Rosenkranz, G. W. F. He gels Leben (Berlin, 1844), p. IX–XI, 40, 41.
Adolf Beck, “Aus der Umwelt des jungen Holderlins; Stamm und Tagebucheintrage, mitgeteilt und er- lautert,”Holderlin Jahrbuch, Beissner and P. Kluckhohn, Tubingen, 1947.
Cf. Miiller, Holderlin-Studien, 61–86; Wilhelm Dilthey, Das Erlebnis und die Dichtung ( Leipzig, Berlin, 1913 ), 355–365.
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, ed., Breslau, 1785; Holderlin excerpts can be found in G.S.A., IV1? 207–210
Rudolf Haym, Die Romantische Schule (Berlin, 1870 ), 289–324.
Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts,Lessings Werke, 6 vol., (Stuttgart, 1869 ), III, 197–214.
G. L. Plitt, Aus Schellings Leben in Brief en, 2 vol., (Leipzig, 1869 ), I, 76.
Leeter from hölderlin to his mother, February, 1791, G.S.A. VI, 63–64.
Vber Walter Betzendorfer, Holderlins Studienjahre im Tubinger Stift (Heilbronn, 1922), 15.
Adolf Wohlwill, Weltbürgertum und Vaterlandsliebe der Schwaben (Hamburg, 1875), 29, 33–35.
Adolf Beck, “Aus der Umwelt des jungen Holderlins, Stamm und Tagebuchein- trage, mitgeteilt und erlautert” Holderlin Jahrbuch, F. Beissner and P. Kluckholn,( Tubingen, 1947 ), 33–46.
For biographical information on Staudlin see Adolf Wohlwill, Weltbiirgertum und Vaterlandsliebe der Schwaben (Hamburg, 1875 ), 29, 33–35.
Cited by Hegel in a letter to Schelling, January, 1795, Briefe von und an Hegel, J. Hoffmeister, ed., 4 vol. (Hamburg, 1962), 18; Henceforth cited as Hegel, Briefe.
Cf. Fritz Medicus, Fichtes Leben, Leipzig, 1942.
Schellings Werke, M. Schroter, ed., 6 vol., (Munich, 1927 ). I, 109, note 1.
Wilhelm Michel, Das Leben Friedrich Holderlins, (Bremen, 1940), 170–173.
W. Flitner, A. L. Hülsen und der Bund der freien Manner, Jena, 1913.
Herman Nohl, ed., (Tübingen, 1907), 351; not to be confused with Das alteste System
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© 1971 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
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Nauen, F.G. (1971). Hölderlin (1789–1798). In: Revolution, Idealism and Human Freedom. Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3033-5_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3033-5_3
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