Abstract
This study is conceived of as an effort to apply the systems approach developed by Karl Deutsch in his Nerves of Government 1 to the study of international politics. When work was started on this project, Deutsch’s general statement about political processes found in Nerves of Government appeared to this author as a most unique and important theoretical initiative in political science. Deutsch’s work was an effort to respond to the increasingly complex style of modem life. He attempted to develop a new approach to politics that would combine traditional scholarship with the more modem findings of science. The product of his effort, Nerves of Government, was not a completed study. Instead it was an “interim report” that Deutsch hoped would eventually lead to a “theory of politics, both national and international.”2
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References
Karl W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Control ( New York: Free Press, 1966 ).
Ibid., p. 25
Ibid., p. 27
Ibid., p. 28
Ibid., p. 28–29.
A good description of these changes is given by Charles A. McClelland, Theory and the International System. ( New York: Macmillan and Company, 1966 ), pp. 63–88.
Karl W. Deutsch, The Analysis of International Relations ( Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968 ).
Ibid., p. 5.
Ibid., p. 74–86.
James C. Charlesworth, ed., A Design for Political Science: Scope, Objective, and Methods ( Philadelphia: American Association of Political and Social Science, 1966 ), pp. 170–171.
Nerves of Government p. 17.
Ibid.
Norbert Wiener, “Cybernetics in History,” in Modern Systems Research for the Behavioral Scientist, Walter Buckley, ed., ( Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1968 ), pp. 31–38.
N. Wiener, Cybernetics ( New York: John Wiley and Sons and the Technology Press, 1948 )
N. Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings ( New York: Doubleday and Company, 1954 )
Karl W. Deutsch, “Toward a Cybernetic Model of Man and Society,” in Buckley, op. cit., p. 388.
Ibid.
Ibid. p. 389.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Nerves of Government, p. 32.
Ibid. p. 36.
Ibid. p. 37–38.
Ibid. p. 79.
Ibid. p. 80.
Stafford Beer, “Below the Twilight Arch: A Mythology of Systems,” General System Yearbook, VI (1961), pp. 9–29.
Ibid. p. 9.
Ibid.
Ibid. p. 11.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid. p. 12.
Eugene J. Meehan, Explanation in Social Science: A System Paradigm ( Home-wood, Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1968 ), p. 48.
Quoted in Nerves of Government, p. 77.
The Analysis of International Relations, p. 20.
Nerves of Government, p. 247–250.
Nerves of Government, p. 86.
Nerves of Government, p. 89–90.
Ibid., p. 89.
Ibid., p. 89–90.
Ibid., p. 98–105.
Ibid., p. 202.
Ibid., p. 101–202.
Ibid., p. 98, 200, 202.
Ibid., p. 104.
Ibid., p. 105.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “General System Theory — A critical Review,” in Modern System Research for the Behavioral Scientist, p. 28.
Ibid.
Ibid., p. 29.
Ibid.
See Chapter II, pp. 65–71.
Ibid., p. 183. This Wiener’s concept which Deutsch does not employ.
The Strangelove Case,” in Roger Hilsman. To Move A Nation ( New York: Dell Publishers, 1967 ), pp. 222–223
Deutsch expresses this thought throughout his work and it may be summed up in his belief that “politics is… a decisive instrumentality.” Nerves of Government, p.243.
Hilsman, op. cit., p.228.
Graham T. Allison, Bureaucracy and Policy: Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis (forthcoming); A. Horelick, “The Cuban missile Crisis: An Analysis of Soviet Calculations and Behavior,” World Politics (April, 1964 )
Hilsman, Ibid.
Ibid.
Chadwick J. Haberstroh, “Control as an Organizational Process,” Management Science, 6 (1960), p. 165.
John W. Burton, Conflict and Communication: The Use of Controlled Communication in International Relations ( New York: The Free Press, 1969 ).
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
See Chapter IV, pp. 100–108.
Vickers, op. cit., p. 472.
Ernest B. Haas, Tangle of Hopes: American Commitments and World Order ( Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1969 ), p. 239.
Ibid., p.241.
Hilsman Ibid.
Nerves of Government, p. 152.
Nerves of Government, p. 15.
Ernst B. Haas, “Toward Controlling International Change: A Personal Plea,” World Politics, XVII (1964), pp. 1–12.
Nerves of Government, p. 15.
Ibid., p. 16.
Ibid.
This I speculate as a possibility. Deutsch only barely hints at the implications in Nerves of Government, pp. 242–244.
Johan Galtung, “On the Future of the International System,” Journal of Peace Research, IV (1967), p, 306.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid., p. 307.
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© 1971 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
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Bryen, S.D. (1971). Cybernetic Analysis and Political Study. In: The Application of Cybernetic Analysis to the Study of International Politics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3005-2_1
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