Abstract
Literary origins are a melancholy business. Only in an age when men are certain of their own preferences and intentions do we find a corresponding lack of scruple regarding historical reconstruction. Herder thought he knew where the epic came from; Pope similarly knew where, and how, and by whom the first pastorals were sung. Pope’s answer, in his A Discourse on Pastoral Poetry,1 that the pastoral is the oldest literary genre, and that bucolic ditties were first composed by the early herdsmen who were both simple and good, is an answer almost as old as the genre itself. It is one of the answers given by the ancient “anthropologists,” from Dicaearchus to Varro and beyond.2 More commonly, however, the ancient scholars derive the genre from a background of ritual, specifically the worship of Artemis in various avatars.3 The first eclogues, the scholiasts argue, were rustic hymns and dances offered to he goddess in times of stress. But as long ago as 1821 F. G. Welcker4 carefully went through the evidence adduced by the scholiasts and found it wanting.
il ne s’agit nullement, ici, d’un monde de la compensation et de la justification, ou certaines tendances seraient exprimées ou contr-exprimées par certains actes; le roman abolit délibérément tout passé et tout profondeur, c’est un roman de l’extension, non de la comprehension.
Roland Barthes
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Notes
See B. A. Goldgar, Literary Criticism of Alexander Pope ( Lincol, Neb., 1965 ), p. 93.
C. Wendel, Scholia in Theocritum Vetera (Leipzig, 1914), pp. 2–3, 8–9, etc.
F. G. Wecker, “Ueber den Ursprung des Hirtenliedes,” Kleine Schriften I (Bonn, 1844 ), pp. 402–411.
For drama, see G. F. Else, The Origin and Early Form of Greek Tragedy (Cambridge, Mass., 1965 ).
D. Petropoulos, in Laographia 18 (1959), pp. 5–93. Cf. also Laographia 15 (1954), p. 395, on the awarding of prizes by village commitiees.
R. Reitzenstein, Epigramm und Skolion (Giessen, 1893), ch. 2, refers to Theognis 993-6, a stanza which, except for the nature of the prize, has a positively Theocritean ring about it
W. Empson, Some Versions of Pastoral (Norfolk, Conn., 1950). For a saner and more workable appreciation of the genre, see the essays of Renato Poggioli, particularly his “The Oaten Flute,” Harvard Library Bulletin 11.2 (1957), pp. 147–184; and J. F. Lynen, The Pastoral Art of Robert Frost (New Haven, 1960 ).
Tenney Frank, Virgil (New York, 1922), pp. 102 ff., esp. p. 109.
R. E. Wycherly, “The Garden of Epicurus,” Phoenix 13 (1959), pp. 73–77, on the basis of Pliny, HN 19. 51.
H. Usener, ed., Epicurea (Leipzig, 1887), pp. 88–90.
Roland Barthes, Essais Critiques (Paris, 1964), p. 39.
J. P. Sartre, Literary and Philosophical Essays (New York, 1955 ).
Robbe-Grillet has written his own poetics in For a New Novel (New York, 1965).
Ransom’s essay is reprinted in C. A. Patrides, Milton’s Lycidas (New York, 1961 ).
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© 1971 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
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Rosenmeyer, T.G. (1971). Ecloga Epicurea. In: Plamer, R.B., Hamerton-Kelly, R. (eds) Philomathes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2977-3_34
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