Abstract
Heating or cooling of fluid usually causes density changes which in turn affect body forces acting on fluid elements, notably the force of gravity. A particle warmer than its environment usually becomes lighter and experiences an Archimedean buoyancy force, while a cooler and therefore heavier parcel becomes negatively buoyant. Such phenomena affect environmental diffusion in three different ways:
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(1)
By influencing the energy balance of turbulent motions. Buoyancy forces may produce or absorb turbulent energy and are therefore a factor in determining the intensity of atmospheric and oceanic turbulence.
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(2)
By influencing the velocity history of wandering fluid elements. Once a particle is lighter or heavier than its environment, it becomes subject to systematic vertical accelerations (upward or downward) and its velocity-autocorrelation is affected, with appropriate consequences for the diffusion of clusters of particles.
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(3)
By influencing the bodily motion of larger hot or cold clouds, such as those discharged from factory chimneys. Buoyant plumes are known to rise and remove pollutants from ground level.
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© 1973 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
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Csanady, G.T. (1973). Effects of Density Differences on Environmental Diffusion. In: Turbulent Diffusion in the Environment. Geophysics and Astrophysics Monographs, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2527-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2527-0_6
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