Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers

  • Chapter
The Physics of Glassy Polymers

Part of the book series: Materials Science Series ((MASCSE))

Abstract

The systematic study of small molecule transport in polymers has received increasing attention since the classic paper by Graham in 1866 presented the qualitative features of fixed gas diffusion in polymer membranes.1 Most of the published research, until about 1950, focused on diffusion of small molecules in rubbery polymers. In this regard, a rather consistent transport mechanism involving solution of penetrant in the polymer followed by diffusion through the membrane characterised virtually all of the many polymer-penetrant systems studied. Small deviations from this diffusion model were encountered for rubbery systems complicated by crystalline regions susceptible to reordering by an interacting or plasticising vapour or liquid penetrant. The more recent study of transport of penetrants in organic glasses revealed that transport in the glassy state is characterised more accurately by anomalous or complicated behaviour than it is by a simple, unifying mathematical or conceptual model. These complications include dual sorption modes for even the most noble of gases in organic glasses, time dependent boundary conditions for vapour transport, diffusion coefficients characterised by an apparent time dependence, polymer relaxations providing the rate determining transport step (rather than diffusion), polymer fracture and microfracture (crazing) accompanying transport, and a significant change in the transport mechanism as the glass transition temperature is traversed. These nonideal or anomalous behavioural features will be treated explicitly and in detail for it is these independent, seemingly unrelated observations that describe the diffusion and sorption of gases and vapours in glassy polymers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Graham, T. (1866). Phil. Mag., 32, 401.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Meares, P. (1954). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76, 3415–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Meares, P. (1957). Trans. Faraday Soc., 53, 101–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Meares, P. (1958). Trans. Faraday Soc., 54, 40–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Barrer, R., Barrie, J. and Slater, J. (1957). J. Polymer Sci., 23, 315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Michaels, A., Vieth, W. and Barrie, J. (1963). J. Appl. Phys., 34(1), 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Michaels, A., Vieth, W. and Barrie, J. (1963). J. Appl. Phys., 34(1), 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Vieth, W., Tarn, P. and Michaels, A. (1966). J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 22, 360–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Myers, A. W., Rogers, C. E., Stannett, V. and Szwarc, M. (1958). Tappi, 41, 716.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Michaels, A. and Parker, R. (1959). J. Polymer Sci., 41, 54–71.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Michaels, A. and Bixler, H. (1961). J. Polymer Sci., 50, 413–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Vieth, W. and Sladek, K. (1965). J. Colloid Sci., 20, 1014–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Paul, D. R. (1969). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 7, 1811–8.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Petropoulos, J. (1970). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 8, 1797–801.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kemp, D. R. (1972). Ph.D. Dissertation,University of Texas at Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Paul, D. R. and Kemp, D. R. (1972). ACS Polymer Preprints, 13 (No. 2) in press.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ryskin, G. Y. (1954). Zhur. Tekh. Fiz, 24, 197

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kumins, C. A., Rolle, C. J. and Roteman, J. (1957). J. Phys. Chem., 61, 1290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Barrer, R. M., Mallinder, R. and Wong, P. S. L. (1967). Polymer, 8, 321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumins, C. A. and Roteman, J. (1961). J. Polymer Sci., 55, 683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Stannett, V. and Williams, J. L. (1965). J. Polymer Sci., C10, 45.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Tikhomirov, B. P., Hopfenberg, H. B., Stannett, V. T. and Williams, J. L. (1968). Macromol. Chemie., 118, 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Burgess, W. H., Hopfenberg, H. B. and Stannett, V. T. (1971). J. Macromol. Sci., B5, 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Alfrey, T. (1965). Chem. and Eng. News, 43, 64.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kwei, T. K. and Zupko, H. M. (1969). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 7, 867.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Frisch, H. L., Wang, T. T. and Kwei, T. K. (1969). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 7, 879.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hopfenberg, H. B., Holley, R. H. and Stannett, V. T. (1969). Polymer Eng. and Sci., 9, 242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hopfenberg, H. B. and Frisch, H. L. (1969). J. Polymer Sci., B7, 405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. King, G. (1945). Trans. Faraday Soc., 41, 325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Crank, J. (1953). J. Polymer Sci., 11, 151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hopfenberg, H. B., Holley, R. H. and Stannett, V. T. (1970). Polymer Eng. and Sci., 10, 376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bray, J. and Hopfenberg, H. B. (1969). J. Polymer Sci., B7, 679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Baird, B. R., Hopfenberg, H. B. and Stannett, V. T. (1971). Polymer Eng. and Sci., 11, 274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Peterlin, A. (1969). Makromol. Chemie, 124, 136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kambour, R. P. (1968). Applied Polymer Symposia, 7, 215.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Holley, R. H. (1969). Ph.D. Thesis, N.C. State University.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kambour, R. P. (1966). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 4(1), 17.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rudd, J. F. (1963). J. Polymer Sci., B1, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Bernier, G. A. and Kambour, R. P. (1968). Macromolecules, 1, 393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Michaels, A. S., Bixler, H. J. and Hopfenberg, H. B. (1968). J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 12, 991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Kambour, R. P. (1968). Polymer Eng. and Sci., 8, 281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Kambour, R. P. (1969). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 7, 1393.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kambour, R. P. (1964). Polymer, 5, 107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kambour, R. P. (1964). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 4159.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kambour, R. P. (1968). Applied Polymer Symposia, 7, 215.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kambour, R. P. (1963). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 7, 1393.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Berry, J. P. (1961). J. Polymer Sci., 50, 107, 313.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Nielsen, L. E. (1959). J. Polymer Sci., 1, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Robertson, R. E. (1965). J. Phys. Chem., 69, 1575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Rosen, B. J. (1961). J. Polymer Sci., 49, 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Lasoski, S. W. and Cobbs, W. H. (1959). J. Polymer Sci., 36, 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Jeschke, D. and Stuart, H. (1961). Z. Naturforsch., 16, 37.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Davies, G. and Taylor, H. (1965). Text. Res. J., 35, 405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Takagi, Y. and Hittori, H. (1965). J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 9, 2167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Takagi. Y. (1965). J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 9, 3887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Bixler, H. and Michaels, A. S. (1964). Paper presented at 53rd Natl. Meeting AIChE, Pittsburg, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Michaels, A. S., Vieth, W. R. and Bixler, H. (1964). J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 8, 2735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Peterlin, A. and Olf, H. G. (1966). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 4, 587.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Peterlin, A., Williams, J. L. and Stannett, V. (1967). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 5, 957.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Williams, J. L. and Peterlin, A. (1971). J. Polymer Sci., A2, 9, 1483.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Willams, J. L. and Peterlin, A. (1970). Die Makromol. Chemie, 135, 41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Morgan, P. W. (1943). Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 2296.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Vieth, W. R., Matulevicius, E. S. and Mitchell, S. R. (1967). Koll. Z., 220, 49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Vieth. W. R., Acalay, H. and Frabetti, A. (1964). J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 8, 2125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Rosen, B. (1960). J. Polymer Sci., 47, 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. McAfee, K. B. (1958). J. Chem. Phys., 28, 218, 226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Hartley, G. S. (1946). Trans. Faraday Soc., 42B, 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Robinson, C. (1946). Trans. Faraday Soc., 42B, 12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Hartley, G. S. (1949). Trans. Faraday Soc., 45, 820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Russell, E. W. (1950). Nature, 165, 91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Crank, J. and Robinson, C. (1950). Proc. Roy. Soc., A204, 549.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Robinson, C. (1950). Proc. Roy. Soc., A204, 339.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Drechsel, P., Hoard, J. L. and Long, F. A. (1953). J. Polymer Sci., 10, 241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Park, G. S. (1953). J. Polymer Sci., 11, 97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Bagley, E. and Long, F. A. (1955). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 2172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Long, F. A. and Kokes, R. J. (1953). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 2232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Rosen, B. (1961). J. Polymer Sci., 49, 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Alfrey, T., Gurnee, E. F. and Lloyd, W. G. (1966). J. Polymer Sci., C12, 249.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. H. B. Hopfenberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. Stannett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, UK

    R. N. Haward (Professor of Industrial Chemistry) (Professor of Industrial Chemistry)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Applied Science Publishers Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hopfenberg, H.B., Stannett, V. (1973). The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers. In: Haward, R.N. (eds) The Physics of Glassy Polymers. Materials Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2355-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2355-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-2357-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-2355-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation