Abstract
Meteorites, particularly type II carbonaceous chondrites, provide natural, tangible evidence for chemical evolution, but they do not appear to contain any evidence for biological evolution. On the other hand, some of the oldest sedimentary rocks of the earth have yielded good evidence for early biological evolution; whatever evidence there may be for chemical evolution in these old rocks is generally obscure.
Carbonaceous chondrites (types I, II, and III) have been examined for their content of various kinds of organic compounds. Amino acids have been reported to be present in the three types, but only in type II carbonaceous chondrites (Murray and Murchison) has an indigenous suite of amino acids been found which is apparently free of most terrestrial contaminations. These indigenous compounds are thought to have resulted from extraterrestrial, abiotic, chemical syntheses, and the presence of the amino acids in meteorites provides strong support for the theory of chemical evolution.
The geological record of the Swaziland Sequence and Bulawayan System of southern Africa contains morphological and chemical fossils which indicate that early biological evolution was taking place at least 3.0 to 3.3 aeons ago. Interpretation of the significance of the chemical fossil record has proven to be difficult. At present the occurrence of simple compounds in these very ancient rocks is believed to have little or nothing to do with biochemical processes three aeons ago. The bulk of the reduced carbonaceous material in these rocks, however, probably represents the residue of three billion years old and older organic matter. Isotopic studies of this carbonaceous material may provide chemical evidence for early biological evolution.
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Kvenvolden, K.A. (1974). Natural Evidence for Chemical and Early Biological Evolution. In: Oró, J., Miller, S.L., Ponnamperuma, C., Young, R.S. (eds) Cosmochemical Evolution and the Origins of Life. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2239-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2239-2_6
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