Abstract
In the 1950s and the early 1960s it was believed that political theory in a learned sense was dead and that the practical influence of political ideas was dying. This was the time of Daniel Bell’s book, The End of Ideology, of which it is fair to say that the title was more influential than the contents. It was widely believed that ideological motivations in politics were happily on the wane, that “new technocrats” had come to positions of political power, not merely in the Western world, and that political philosophy had become purely academic and historical. But this has proved an illusion, or rather it always all depended on what one meant by “ideology.” Certainly there was a decline in ideology of the total and comprehensive kind typical of social thought as influenced by Hegel and Marx and typical of the actual politics of the 1930s. But ideology in that sense has not been replaced by purely technological, empirical or pragmatic thought — if such things could ever have been said to exist in purity.
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References
Sir Karl Popper, The Poverty of Historicism (London, Routledge, 1957)
Sir Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1969) which includes his “Two Concepts of Liberty.”
See my “Freedom as Politics” in Peter Laslett and W. G. Runciman, eds., Philosophy, Politics and Society, (3rd ed., Oxford, Blackwell, 1969) or as reprinted in my essays, Political Theory and Practice (London, Allen Lane, 1971).
See the appendix, “A Footnote to Rally the Academic Professors of Politics” in my In Defence of Politics (2nd ed., Harmondsworth, Pelican, 1964) and “On Theory and Practice” in Political Theory and Practice, op. cit.
On toleration see the special issue of Government and Opposition (Spring, 1971), especially the contributions by Maurice Cranston, Ernest Gellner, Preston King, D. D. Raphael and Alan Ryan.
Quoted by H. B. Acton in his “The Philosophy of Language in Revolutionary France,” Proceedings of the British Academy, XLV (1959), pp. 199 ff.
See J. Christopher Herald (ed.), The Mind of Napoleon: A Selection From His Written and Spoken Word (New York, Columbia University Press, 1961) pp. 68–69.
Ibid., p. 69.
Quoted by F. A. Hayek, The Counter-Revolution of Science (Glencoe, Ill., Free Press, 1962), p. 145.
Quoted by Ernest Newman, Wagner as Man and Artist (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1924), p. 187.
As brilliantly argued in Leon Bramson’s The Political Context of Sociology, (Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1961).
Relevant quotations of Marx’s use of the term “political” are found on p. 166 of my In Defence of Politics, Pelican edition.
Proudhon, Oeuvres Complètes III, p. 43, quoted by Sheldon Wolin in his Politics and Vision; Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Boston, Little Brown, 1960), p. 417.
Sheldon Wolin Politics and Vision; Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Boston, Little Brown, 1960) Ibid., p. 414.
As translated in Hitler, Mein Kampf, Library Edition, (London, Hurst and Blackett, 1938), pp. 181–82, although this is a very abbreviated edition indeed. The same matter is found in Chapter 5 of Book Two in Ralph Manheim’s complete translation, now in an excellent edition introduced by Donald Watt: Hitler, Mein Kampf (London, Hutchinson, 1969).
See Masao Maruyama, Thought and Behaviour in Modern Japanese Politics, (London, Oxford University Press, 1963), especially Chapter 7, “Politics as a Science in Japan.”
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© 1974 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
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Crick, B. (1974). Ideology, Openness and Freedom. In: Germino, D., Von Beyme, K. (eds) The Open Society in Theory and Practice. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2056-5_13
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