Skip to main content

Imperialism, Particularism and Toleration in the Holy Roman Empire

  • Chapter
The Massacre of St. Bartholomew

Abstract

In considering the “blood wedding” in Paris and its significance for the Holy Roman Empire, we shall treat first the political and religious situation in the Empire between the Peace of Augsburg and the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War, next the impact of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, and finally the importance of the event and political developments for toleration.

Research for this paper was completed with the help of a fellowship awarded by the American Council of Learned Societies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Fulke Greville,Life of Sir Philip Sidney(London, 1907), p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  2. See the spirited account of Friedrich Heer,The Holy Roman Empire(New York, 1968), pp. 176–96: “The Madrid-Vienna Axis.”

    Google Scholar 

  3. Friedrich Albert von Langenn, Christoph von Carlowitz.Eine Darstellung aus dem XVI. Jahrhundert(Leipzig, 1854), pp. 319–20.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Grete Mecenseffy,Geschichte des Protestantismus in Österreich(Graz and Cologne, 1956), pp. 50–70: “Die hohe Zeit des österreichischen Protestantismus.”

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lewis W. Spitz, “Particularism and Peace: Augsburg — 1555,”Church History, XXV (1956), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Friedrich von Bezold,Kaiser Rudolf II und die heilige Liga(“Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften,” No. 17 [Munich, 1868]), p. 349.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Albert Elkan, “Entstehung und Entwicklung des Begriffs Gegenreformation,”;Historische Zuschrift, CXII (1914), 473–93.

    Google Scholar 

  8. For a nice general account see Hajo Holborn,A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation(New York, 1959), pp. 266–83, 290–93.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Heinrich von Treitschke,Deutsche Geschichte im 19. Jahrhundert(Leipzig, 1886), Pt. I, p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Christopher Marlowe, “The Massacre at Paris; With the Death of the Duke of Guise,”The Works of Christopher Marlowe(Oxford, 1910), p. 451, lines 211–18.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Walter Platzhoff, “Die Bartholomäusnacht,”Preuszische Jahrbücher, CL (1912), 52.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mémoires de Jean Choisnin,Livre deuxieme, ed. Michaud and Poujoulat (“Nouvelle collection des mémoires pour servir á l’histoire de France”; Paris, 1838), p. 398. See also the marginal note by Giacomo Castelvetro to the account of the Massacre by Toniasso Sassetti, below, p. 146.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rod Reuss, “Un nouveau récit de la Saint-Barthélemy par un bourgeois de Strasbourg,”Bulletin de la Société de Vhistoire du protestantisme français, XXII (1873), 374–81. The account was notarized at Heidelberg, 7 Sept. 1572. Alkuin Hollaender (“Hubertus Languetus in Strassburg,”Zuschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins, XLIX [1895], 42–56, esp. pp. 50–56) gives the text of the first report to reach Strasbourg officials on 29 August and Hubert Languet’s report on the Massacre to a representative of the city council, Theodosius Gerbel, during Languet’s stay in the city in September.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Victor Klarwill, ed.,Fugger-Zeitungen. Ungedruckte Briefe an das Haus Fugger aus den Jahren 1568–1605(Vienna, 1923), pp. 17–18, No. 15: “Die Bartholomäusnacht.”

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Müntz, ed., “Deux lettres de Théodore de Bèze sur la Saint-Barthélemy, 1572,”Bulletin de la Société de V histoire du protestantisme français, VII (1858), 16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Bernus, “Trois pasteurs échappés aux massacres de la Saint-Barthélémy,”Bulletin de la Société de l’histoire du protestantisme français, XLI (1892), 393–414. The other two refugee pastors are Merlin, Goligny’s chaplain, who fled to Geneva and settled in Berne, and L’Espine, who fled to Renée of Ferrara and then to Geneva, where he was admitted to the Venerable Company.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold, “Kaspar von Schönberg, der Sachse ein Wohlthäter des französischen Reichs und Volks,”Historisches Taschenbuch, N.F., X (1849), 165–362, esp. p. 219.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Willy Hoppe, “Drei lutherische Landesfürsten in Brandenburg. Kurfürst Joachim II. Markgraf Hans von Küstrin. Kurfürst Johann Georg,”Forschungen zu Staat und Verfassung. Festgabe für Fritz Härtung(Berlin, 1958), pp. 91–112.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gerhard Schmid, “Konfessionspolitik und Staatsräson bei den Verhandlungen des westfälischen Friedenskongresses über die Gravamina Ecclesiastica,”Archiv für Reformations- geschickte, XLIV (1953), 203–23, quotation on p. 223.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Martin Heckel, “Autonomia und Pacis Compositio. Der Augsburger Religionsfriede in der Deutung der Gegenreformation,”Zuschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Kanonistische Abteilung, XLV (1959), 142. Heckel argues that legally the Peace of Augsburg marks for the Empire the decisive turn from the Middle Ages to modern times.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Carl Mirbt,Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttums(5th ed.; Tübingen, 1934), p. 286.

    Google Scholar 

  22. On the importance of the cities for the progress of the Reformation in the early decades, see Hans Baron, “Religion and Politics in the German Imperial Cities during the Reformation,”The English Historical Review, LII (1937), 405–27, 614–33.

    Google Scholar 

  23. This factor is discussed by Robert Stupperich inDer Humanismus und die Wiedervereinigung der Konfessionen(Leipzig, 1936).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Richard Dietrich, “Landeskirchenrecht und Gewissensfreiheit in den Verhandlungen des westfälischen Friedenskongresses,”Historische Zuschrift, GXGVI (1963), 563–83, esp’ pp. 564–76.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Alfred Soman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Spitz, L.W. (1974). Imperialism, Particularism and Toleration in the Holy Roman Empire. In: Soman, A. (eds) The Massacre of St. Bartholomew. Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, vol 75. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1601-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1601-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-1603-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-1601-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics