Abstract
The solar flare is the response of the solar atmosphere (mainly chromosphere and corona) to a sudden, transient release of energy (probably of magnetic origin) which leads primarily to a localized, temporary heating (= thermal flare) and to an acceleration of electrons, protons and heavier ions (= particle or high energy flare). The temperatures attained in the chromosphere are ≈ 104 K (chromospheric or low temperature flare), in the corona ≈ 107 K (high temperature flare). The energies of observed particles range from 20 keV up to ≈ 1 GeV. The total energy released in the largest events is ≈ 1032 erg.
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Dodson-Prince, H.W., Bruzek, A. (1977). Flares and Associated Phenomena. In: Bruzek, A., Durrant, C.J. (eds) Illustrated Glossary for Solar and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1245-4_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1245-4_9
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