Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Responses of the Magnetosphere to Interplanetary Disturbances

  • Chapter
Physics of Magnetospheric Substorms

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 47))

Abstract

Large-scale interplanetary disturbances, their origins and their effects on the magnetosphere, have been discussed in a number of reviews (cf. S.T.P., Chapter 7). In studying magnetospheric substorms, it is important, first of all, to identify characteristics of the response of the magnetosphere to various interplanetary disturbances, and to distinguish them from substorm-associated changes. This is because these interplanetary disturbances are almost always present even during a fairly quiet period. Thus, when magnetospheric quantities are monitored by satellite-borne instruments or by ground-based instruments, the response of the magnetosphere to these disturbances is recorded as ‘noise’ in addition to the substorm ‘signal’. For example, a weak shock wave compresses the magnetosphere, and its effect is observed as an increase of the magnetic field of order of 10 y throughout the magnetosphere. This amount is relatively small on the ground where the field intensity is large (~50000 γ). However, it is relatively a very large change in the magnetotail, since the magnetotail field intensity in the high latitude lobe is only of order 10–30 γ. Thus, one must identify the compression effects in the records, by monitoring the solar wind pressure, and distinguish them from substorm-associated changes. In the following, we discuss three elementary interplanetary disturbances and their magnetospheric responses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akasofu, S.-I: 1968, Polar and Magneto spheric Substorms, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I and Snyder, A. L.: 1972, ‘Comments on the Growth Phase of Magnetospheric Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 6275.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I, Wilson, C. R., Snyder, L. and Perreault, P. D.: 1971a, ‘Results from a Meridian Chain of Observatories in the Alaskan Sector (1)’, Planet. Space Sci. 19, 477.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I, Hones, E. W. Jr., Montgomery, M. D., Bame, S. J. and Singer, S.: 1971b, ‘Association of Magnetotail Phenomena with Visible Auroral Features’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I, Perreault, P. D., Yasuhara, F. and Meng, C.I: 1973a, ‘Auroral Substorms and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7490.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I, Yasuhara, F. and Kawasaki, K.: 1973b, ‘A Note on the DP-2 Variation’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 2232.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Aleksandrova, I. A. and Zaytseva, S. A.: 1972, ‘Polar-Cap Auroras and the Intensity of the DCF field’, Geomag. Aeronom. 12, 310.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, J. H. and Krochl, H. W.: 1975, ‘Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Magnetic Effects of Auroral Electrojets as Derived from AE Indices’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 3667.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnoldy, R. L.: 1971, ‘Signature in the Interplanetary Medium for Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5189.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, G. and Unti, T.: 1969, ‘Two-Dimensional Chapman-Ferraro Problem with Neutral Sheet, 3, Implied Magnetospheric Flows and Their Time Dependence’, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 6275.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry, M. P. and McPherron, R. L.: 1971, ‘Magnetotail Changes in Relation to the Solar Wind Magnetic Field and Magnetospheric Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 4381.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry, M. P., Russell, C. T. and Kivelson, M. G.: 1970, ‘On Inward Motion of the Magnetopause before a Substorm’, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 7018.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry, M. P., Kivelson, M. G. and Russell, C. T.: 1971, ‘Motion and Structure of the Magnetopause’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 1673.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry, M. P., Kivelson, M. G., McPherron, R. L., Russell, C. T. and Colburn, D. S.: 1972, ‘Outer Magnetosphere near Midnight at Quiet and Disturbed Times’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5487.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berthelier, A., Berthelier, J. J. and Guerin, C: 1974, The Effect of the East-West Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field on Magnetospheric Convection as Deduced from Magnetic Perturbations at High Latitudes’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3187.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, B. N. and Rangarajan, G. K.: 1975, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic Field Polarity and Low-Latitude Geomagnetic Field’, Planet. Space Sci. 23, 929.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. R.: 1974, ‘On Decreases in Ionospheric Absorption Associated with Negative Sudden Impulses in the Geomagnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1113.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. R. and Driatsky, V. M.: 1973, ‘Further Studies of Ionospheric and Geomagnetic Effects of Sudden Impulses’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 1931.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. R., Leinbach, H., Akasofu, S.-L, Driatsky, V. M. and Schmidt, R. J.: 1972, ‘Quadruple Conjugate Pair Observations of the Sudden Commencement Absorption Event on June 17, 1965’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5602.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, J. L.: 1972a, ‘Preconditions for the Triggering of Polar Magnetic Substorms, by Storm Sudden Commencements’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5629.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, J. L.: 1972b, ‘Precipitation of Low-Energy Electrons at High Latitudes: Effects of Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Dipole Tilt Angle’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 6696.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, J. L.: 1973a, ‘Effects of Interplanetary Magnetic Sector Structure on Auroral Zone and Polar Cap Magnetic Activity’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 1047.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, J. L.: 1973b, ‘High-Latitude Proton Precipitation and Light Ion Density Profiles during the Magnetic Storm Initial Phase’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 6569.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, J. L.: 1973c, ‘Rate of Erosion of Dayside Magnetic Flux Based on a Quantitative Study of the Dependence of Polar Cusp Latitude on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Radio Sci. 8, 955.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, J. L.: 1974, ‘Observations of Interactions between Interplanetary and Geomagnetic Fields’, Rev. Geophys. Space Physics 12, 363.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F. and Ogilvie, K. W.: 1969, ‘Causes of Sudden Commencements and Sudden Impulses’, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 2815.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Caan, M. N., McPherron, R. L. and Russell, C.T.: 1973, ‘Solar Wind and Substorm-Related Changes in the Lobes of the Geomagnetic Tail’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 8087.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Caan, M. N., McPherron, R. L. and Russell, C. T.: 1975, ‘Substorm and Interplanetary Magnetic Field Effects on the Geomagnetic Tail Lobes’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 191.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, W. H. and Matsushita, S.: 1973, ‘Correspondence of Solar Field Sector Direction and Polar Cap Geomagnetic Field Changes for 1965’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2079.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Coroniti, F. V. and Kennel, C. F.: 1972, ‘Changes in Magnetospheric Configuration during the Substorm Growth Phase’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 3361.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowley, S. W. H.: 1973,‘A Qualitative Study of the Reconnection between Earth’s Magnetic Field and an Interplanetary Field of Arbitrary Orientation’, Radio Sci. 8, 903.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, T. N. and Sugiura, M.: 1966, ‘Auroral Electrojet Activity Index AE and Its Universal Time Variations’, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 785.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairfield, D. H.: 1971, ‘Average and Unusual Locations of the Earth’s Magnetopause and Bow Shock’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6700.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein, Y. I. and Starkov, G. V.: 1968, ‘Auroral Oval in the IGY and IQSY Period and a Ring Current in the Magnetosphere’, Planet. Space Sci. 16, 129.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, T. G. and Speiser, T. W.: 1971, ‘Mathematical Models of the Open Magnetosphere: Application to Dayside Auroras’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 7542.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, J. C., Fairfield, D. H., Ogilvie, K. W. and Rosenberg, T. J.: 1971, ‘Relationship of Interplanetary Parameters and Occurrence of Magnetospheric Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6971.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Friis-Christensen, E. and Wilhjelm, J.: 1975, ‘Polar Cap Currents for Different Directions of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field in the Y-Z plane’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 1248.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Friis-Christensen, E., Lassen, K., Wilhjelm, J., Wilcox, J. M., Gonzalez, W. and Colburn, D. S.: 1972, ‘Critical Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Responsible for Large Geomagnetic Effects in the Polar Cap’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 3371.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, W. D. and Mozer, F. S.: 1974, ‘A Quantitative Model for the Potential Resulting from Reconnection with an Arbitrary Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4186.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J. T., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., Hundhausen, A. J. and Strong, I. B.: 1967, ‘Discontinuities in the Solar Wind Associated with Sudden Geomagnetic Impulses and Storm Commencements’, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 3357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurnett, D. A. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1974, ‘Electric and Magnetic Field Observations during a Substorm on February 24, 1970’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3197.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, A. M., D’Angelo, N. and Bahsen, A.: 1974, ‘On the Magnetotail Boundary Layer and the Azimuthal Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Danish Space Research Institute, Jan. 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harang, L.: 1969, ‘Bursts of VLF-Emission Simultaneous with Sharp Dip of Absorption and SC in Geomagnetic H’, Planet. Space Sci. 17, 1565.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Heppner, J. P.: 1972, ‘Polar Cap Electric Field Distributions Related to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Direction’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 4877.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, T. W. and Rassbach, M. E.: 1975, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic Field Direction and the Configuration of the Day side Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 1.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshberg, J. and Holzer, T. E.: 1975, ‘Relationship between the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and “Isolated Substorms”,’ J. Geophys. Res. 80, 3553.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hozer, T. E. and Reid, G. C: 1975, ‘The Response of the Dayside Magnetosphere-lonosphere System to Time-Varying Field Line Reconnection at the Magnetopause, 1, Theoretical Model’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2041.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzworth, R. H. and Meng, C.-I: 1975, ‘Mathematical Representation of the Auroral Oval’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2, 377.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, T.: 1972, ‘Development of Weak Electrojets during the Growth Phase of Magnetic Substorms’, Rep. Ionosph. Space Res. Japan 26, 267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, T.: 1973, ‘Interplanetary and Ground Magnetic Conditions Preceding SSC-Triggered Sub-storms’, Rep. Ionosph. Space Res. Japan 27, 205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, T.: 1974, ‘Development of Polar Magnetic Substorms’, Rep. Ionosph. Space Res. Japan 28, 69.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, T. and Kokubun, S.: 1973, ‘Geomagnetic Sp q Variation on an Extremely Quiet Day’, Rep. Ionosph. Space Res. Japan 27, 195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, T. and Nagata, T.: 1972, ‘Signatures for Substorm Development of the Growth Phase and Expansion Phase’, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 1095.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov, K. G. and Mikerina, N. V.: 1971, ‘Rotational Discontinuity in the Solar Wind and Magnetic Disturbance on Earth’, Geomag. Aeronom. 11, 868.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov, K. G. and Mikerina, N. V.: 1973, ‘Southern Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Magnetospheric Substorms’, Geomag. Aeronom. 13, 412.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaggi, R. K. and Wolf, R. A.: 1973, ‘Self-Consistent Calculation of the Motion of a Sheet of Ions in the Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2852.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, A. D., Boyd, J. S. and Davis, T. N.: 1974, ‘Study of a Small Magnetospheric Substorm’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1403.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen, T. S., Friis-Christensen, E. and Wilhjelm, J.: 1972, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic-Field Direction and High-Latitude Ionospheric Currents’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, Y.: 1974, ‘Association of DP and DR Fields with the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Variation’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 49.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, Y. and Akasofu, S.-I: 1974, ‘Latitudinal Cross Section of the Auroral Electrojet and Its Relation to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Polarity’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3755.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, Y., Akasofu, S.-I, DeForest, E. and Kisabeth, J. L.: 1975, ‘Weak and Intense Substorms’, Planet. Space Sci. 23, 579.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, Y., Burch, J. L., Winningham, J. D. and Akasofu, S.-I: 1976, ‘Dependence of the Latitude of the Cleft on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Substorm Activity’, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 698.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kan, J. R. and Akasofu, S.-I: 1974, ‘A Model of the Open Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1379.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kan, J. R. and Su, S. Y.: 1976, ‘An Upper Limit on Magnetopause Reconnection’, J. Geophys. Res. (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, R. L. and Walker, D. N.: 1974, ‘Hydromagnetic Waves Excited during an SSC’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 5187.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki, K. and Akasofu, S.-I: 1972, ‘Geomagnetic Disturbances in the Polar Cap: S pq and DP-2’, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 1163.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki, K., Akasofu, S.-I, Yasuhara, F. and Meng, C.-I: 1971, ‘Storm Sudden Commencements and Polar Magnetic Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6781.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki, K., Yasuhara, F. and Akasofu, S.-I: 1973, ‘Short-Period Interplanetary and Polar Magnetic Field Variations’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 1743.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, M. C, Starr, J. A. and Mozer, F. S.: 1971, ‘Relationship between Magnetospheric Electric Fields and the Motion of Auroral Forms’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5269.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kivelson, M. G., Russell, C. T., Neugebauer, M., Scarf, F. L. and Fredricks, R. W.: 1973, ‘Dependence of the Polar Cusp on the North-South Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3761.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokubun, S.: 1971, ‘Polar Substorm and Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Planet. Space Sci. 19, 697.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokubun, S. and Iijima, T.: 1975, ‘Time-Sequence of Polar Magnetic Substorms’, Planet. Space Sci. 23, 1483.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovner, M. S.: 1972, ‘Dependence of the Position of the Magnetopause on the Orientation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Geomag. Aeronom. 12, 823.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Langel, R. A.: 1974, ‘Variation with Interplanetary Sector of the Total Magnetic Field Measured at the OGO-2, 4, and 6 Satellites’, Planet. Space Sci. 22, 1413.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Langel, R. A.: 1975, ‘Relation of Variations in Total Magnetic Field at High Latitude with the Parameters of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and with DP2 Fluctuations’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 1261.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leinbach, H., Schmidt, R. J. and Brown, R. R.: 1970, ‘Conjugate Observations of an Electron Precipitation Event Associated with the Sudden Commencement of a Magnetic Storm’, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 7099.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leont’yev, S. V. and Lyatskiy, W. B.: 1974, ‘Electric Field and Currents Connected with Y-Component of Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Planet. Space Sci. 22, 811.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leont’yev, S. V., Lyatskiy, V. B. and Mal’tsev, Yu. P.: 1974, ‘DP2 Current System and Its Place in the Development of a Substorm’, Geomag. Aeronom. 14, 91.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lezniak, T. W. and Winckler, J. R.: 1968, ‘Structure of the Magnetopause at 6.6 R E in Terms of 50-to 150-keV Electrons’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5733.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lezniak, T. W., Arnoldy, R. L., Parks, G. K. and Winckler, J. R.: 1968, ‘Measurement and Intensity of Energetic Electrons at the Equator at 6.6 R e ’, Radio Sci. 3, 710.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C.-A., Young, D. T. and Wolf, R. A.: 1973, ‘Magnetospheric Plasma Motion during a Sudden Commencement’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 1713.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lui, A. T. Y., Hones, E. W. Jr., Venkatesan, D., Akasofu, S.-I. and Bame, S. J.: 1975, ‘Response of the Plasma Sheet at ~ 18 R E to Sudden Southward Turnings of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 929.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lui, A. T. Y. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1976, ‘Cross-Sectional Area of the Near-Earth Nightside Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyatskiy, V. B. and Mal’tsev, Yu. P.: 1971, ‘Shock Wave in the Tail of the Magnetosphere as the Reason for the Active Phase of a Magnetospheric Substorm’, Geomag. Aeronom. 11, 872.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maezawa, K.: 1974, ‘Dependence of the Magnetopause Position on the Southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Planet. Space Sci. 22, 1443.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansurov, S. M.: 1969, ‘New Evidence of a Relationship between Magnetic Fields in Space and on Earth’, Geomag. Aeronom. 9, 622.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, S. and Balsley, B. B.: 1972, ‘A Question of DP-2’, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 1259.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, S. and Balsley, B. B.: 1973 ‘Comments on Nishida’s Reply’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 1260.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, S., Tarpley, J. D. and Campbell, W. H.: 1973, ‘IMF Sector Structure Effects on the Quiet Geomagnetic Field’, Radio Science 8, 963.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L.: 1970, ‘Growth Phase of Magnetospheric Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5592.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L.: 1972, ‘Substorm Related Changes in the Geomagnetic Tail: The Growth Phase’, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 1521.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L.: 1973, ‘Satellite Studies of Magnetospheric Substorms on August 15, 1968, 1. State of the Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3044.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L.: 1974, ‘Critical Problems in Establishing the Morphology of Substorms in Space’, Magnetospheric Physics, B. M. McCormac (ed.), p. 335, D. Reidel, Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L., Parks, G. K., Colburn, D. S. and Montgomery, M. D.: 1973a, ‘Satellite Studies of Magnetospheric Substorms on August 15, 1968, 2. Solar Wind and Outer Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3054.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L., Russell, C. T., Kivelson, M. G. and Coleman, P. J. Jr.: 1973b, ‘Substorms in Space: The Correlation between Ground and Satellite Observations of the Magnetic Field’, Radio Sci. 8, 1058.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McPherron, R. L., Russell, C. T. and Aubry, M. P.: 1973c, ‘Satellite Studies of Magnetospheric Substorms on August 15, 1968, 9. Phenomenological Model for Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3131.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, C.-I. and Anderson, K. A.: 1974, ‘Magnetic Field Configuration in the Magnetotail near 60 RE’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 5143.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, C.-I. and Colburn, D. S.: 1974, ‘Magnetotail Variations Associated with the Southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1831.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, C.-I., Tsurutani, B., Kawasaki, K. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1973, ‘Cross-Correlation Analysis of the AE Index and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field B z Component’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 617.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikerina, N. V. and Ivanov, K. G.: 1971, ‘Geomagnetic Effects of Discontinuities and Models of Magnetosphere Deformations’, Geomag. Aeronom. 11, 776.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishin, V. M., Bazarzhapov, A. D., Nemtsova, E. I., Popov, G. V. and Shelomentsev, V. V.: 1973a, ‘The Effect of Interplanetary Magnetic Field on Magnetospheric Convection and Electric Fields in the Ionosphere’, Siberian Inst, of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishin, V. M., Bazarzhapov, A. D., Saifudinova, T. I., Urbanovich, V. D. and Shelomentsev, V. V.: 1973b, ‘Development of Magnetic Substorm. 1.’, Sibizmir Report 7–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldovanu, A.: 1974, ‘Geomagnetic Effects of Interplanetary Sector Structure’, Planet. Space Sci. 22, 193.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Moldovanu, A. and Bradu, E.-B.: 1973, ‘Comparison of the Sectorial Structure of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Occurrence of SC and SI Events’, Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik, Leipzig 82, 171.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mozer, F. S.: 1971, ‘Origin and Effects of Electric Fields during Isolated Magnetospheric Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 7595.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mozer, F. S., Gonzalez, W. D., Bogott, F., Kelley, M. C. and Schutz, S.: 1974, ‘High-Latitude Electric Fields and the Three-Dimensional Interaction between the Interplanetary and Terrestrial Magnetic Fields’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 56.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Murayama, T. and Hakamada, K.: 1975, ‘Effects of Solar Wind Parameters on the Development of Magnetospheric Substorms’, Planet. Space Sci. 23, 75.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A.: 1968a, ‘Geomagnetic Dp2 Fluctuations and Associated Magnetospheric Phenomena’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1795.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A.: 1968b, ‘Coherence of Geomagnetic DP2 Fluctuations with Interplanetary Magnetic Variations’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5549.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A.: 1971, ‘DP2 and Polar Substorm’, Planet. Space Sci. 19, 205.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A.: 1973a, ‘Discussion on Geomagnetic Disturbances in the Polar Cap: Sp q and DP-2 by K. Kawasaki and S.-I. Akasofu’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 691.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A.: 1973b, ‘Reply to “A Question of DP-2” by S. Matsushita and B. B. Balsley’, Planet. Space Sci. 21, 1255.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A.: 1975, ‘Interplanetary Field Effect on the Magnetosphere’, Space Sci. Rev. 17, 353, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A. and Kokubun, S.: 1971, ‘New Polar Magnetic Disturbances: S pq , SP, DPC, and DP2’, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 9, 417.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A. and Nagayama, N.: 1975, ‘Magnetic Field Observations in the Low Latitude Magnetotail during Substorms’, Planet. Space Sci. 23, 1119.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, W. P. and Pfitzer, K. A.: 1974, ‘A Quantitative Model of the Magnetospheric Magnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3739.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ondoh, T.: 1970, ‘Magnetospheric Sudden Impulses’, J. Radio Res. Lab. 17, 199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parks, G. K. and Pellat, R.: 1972, ‘Correlation of Interplanetary Space B z Field Fluctuations and Trapped Particle Redistribution’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 266.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Parks, G. K., Gardner, E. H., Lin, C. S., Newell, R. E. and Wehrenberg, P. J.: 1974, ‘Interplanetary Control of Magnetospheric Dynamics’, Correlated Interplanetary and Magnetospheric Observations, D. E. Page (ed.), p. 49, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, V. L.: 1968, ‘Sudden Impulses in the Geomagnetotail’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 3407.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, V. L.: 1972, ‘Sudden Impulses in the Geomagnetotail and the Vicinity’, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 1127.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, V. L. and Cahill, L. J. Jr.: 1974, ‘Magnetic Field Variations of the SI in the Magnetosphere and Correlated Effects in Interplanetary Space’, Planet. Space Sci. 22, 1117.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Perona, G. E.: 1972a, ‘A Theory on the Latitude and Local Time Distribution of Precipitating Electrons during a Sudden Commencement’, Earth’s Magnetospheric Process, B. M. McCormac (ed.), p. 351, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perona, G. E.: 1972b, ‘Theory on the Precipitation of Magnetospheric Electrons at the Time of a Sudden Commencement’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 101.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzer, K. A. and Winckler, J. R.: 1969, ‘Intensity Correlations and Substorm Electron Drift Effects in the Outer Radiation Belt Measured with the OGO 3 and ATS-1 Satellites’, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5005.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzer, K. A., Lezniak, T. W. and Winckler, J. R.: 1969, ‘Experimental Verification of Drift-Shell Splitting in the Distorted Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 4687.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, C. P., Meng, C.-L, Akasofu, S.-I. and Whalen, J. A.: 1974, ‘Observed Correlations between Interplanetary Magnetic Field Variations and the Dynamics of the Auroral Oval and the High-Latitude Ionosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 5129.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pudovkin, M. I. and Troshichev, O. A.: 1972, ‘On the Types of Current Patterns of Weak Geomagnetic Disturbances at the Polar Caps’, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 1773.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pudkovkin, M. I., Isaev, S. I. and Zaitzeva, S. A.: 1970, Ann. Geophys. 26, 761.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, G. C. and Holzer, T. E.: 1975, ‘The Response of the Day Side Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System to Time-Varying Field Line Reconnection at the Magnetopause, 2, Erosion Event of March 27, 1968’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2050.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Roldugin, V. K.: 1974, ‘Optical Effects of SC and SI at Loparskaya and Mirny’, Geomag. Aeronom. 14, 75.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossberg, L.: 1974, ‘Remarks on the Growth Phase of Substorms’, Magnetospheric Physics, B. M. McCormac (ed.), p. 367, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossberg, L., Riedler, W., Skovli, G., Stauning, P. and Thomas, G. R.: 1974, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic Field Direction and Auroral Zone Disturbances’, Correlated Interplanetary and Magnetospheric Observations, D. E. Page (ed.), p. 85, D. Reidel Publ. Co. Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker, G., Lam, H.-L. and Hume, W. D.: 1972, ‘Response Time of the Magnetosphere to the Interplanetary Electric Field’, Can. J. Phys. 50, 544.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C.T.: 1974, ‘The Solar Wind and Magnetospheric Dynamics’, Correlated Interplanetary and Magnetospheric Observations, D. E. Page (ed.), p. 3, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C. T. and McPherron, R. L.: 1973, The Magnetotail and Substorms’, Space Sci. Rev. 15, 205.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C. T., McPherron, R. L. and Coleman, P. J. Jr.: 1971, ‘Magnetic Field Variations in the Near Geomagnetic Tail Associated with Weak Substorm Activity’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 1823.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schieldge, J. P. and Siscoe, G. I.: 1970, ‘A Correlation of Occurrence of Simultaneous Sudden Magnetospheric Compressions and Geomagnetic Bay Onsets with Selected Geophysical Indices’, J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 32, 1819.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelley, E. G., Johnson, R. G. and Sharp, R. D.: 1971, ‘Plasma Sheet Convection Velocities, Inferred from Electron Flux Measurements at Synchronous Altitude’, Radio Sci. 6, 305.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Siscoe, G. L., Formisano, V. and Lazarus, A. J.: 1968, ‘Relation between Geomagnetic Sudden Impulses and Solar Wind Pressure Changes, An Experimental Investigation’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 4869.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, A. L. and Akasofu, S.-L: 1972, ‘Observations of the Auroral Oval by the Alaskan Meridian Chain of Stations’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 3419.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnerup, B. U. O.: 1974, ‘Magnetopause Reconnection Rate’, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1546.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Starkov, G. V., Feľdshteyn, Y. I. and Shevnina, N. F.: 1973, ‘Relationship between the Sector Structure of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Auroral Activity’, Geomag. Aeronom. 13, 807.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. P.: 1973, ‘A Study of the Electric Field in an Open Magnetospheric Model’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7292.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura, M., Skillman, T. L., Ledley, B. G. and Heppner, J. P.: 1968, ‘Propagation of the Sudden Commencement of July 8, 1966, to the Magnetotail’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 6699.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sumaruk, P. V. and Feľdshteyn, Ya. I.: 1973, ‘Seasonal Changes of Variations of the Z Component in the Polar Region in Connection with the Sign of the YSE Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field’, Geomag. Aeronom. 13, 469.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Svalgaard, L.: 1968, ‘Sector Structure of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Daily Variation of the Geomagnetic Field at High Latitudes’, Pap. 6. Dansk. Meteorol. Inst. Geophys. Charlottenlund, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svalgaard, L.: 1972, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic-Sector Structure, 1926–1971’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 4027.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Svalgaard, L.: 1973, ‘Polar Cap Magnetic Variations and Their Relationship with the Interplanetary Magnetic Sector Structure’, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2064.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Svalgaard, L.: 1974, ‘The Relation between the Azimuthal Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Geomagnetic Field in the Polar Caps’, Correlated Interplanetary and Magnetospheric Observations, D. E. Page (ed.), p. 61, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svalgaard, L.: 1975, ‘On the Use of Godhavn H Component as an Indicator of the Interplanetary Sector Polarity’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2717.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tashkinova, L. G. and Tverskoy, B. A.: 1972, ‘Oscillation of DP1 and DP2 Current Systems’, Geomag. Aeronom. 12, 509.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Troshichev, O. A., Kuznetsov, B. M. and Pudovkin, M. I.: 1974a, ‘The Current Systems of the Magnetic Substorm Growth and Explosive Phases’, Planet. Space Sci. 22, 1403.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Troshichev, O. A., Pudovkin, M. L., Pegov, L. A. and Grafe, A.: 1974b, ‘Some Remarks on the DP-2 Current System’, Gerlands Beitr. Geophys. 83, 275.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsurutani, B. and Bogott, F.: 1972, ‘Onset of Magnetospheric Substorms’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 4677.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsurutani, B. T. and Meng, C.-I: 1972, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic-Field Variations and Substorm Activity’, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 2964.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tverskaya, L. V. and Khorosheva, O. V.: 1974, ‘Some Characteristics of the Development of Gigantic DP-2 Variations during Magnetic Storms’, Geomag. Aeronom. 14, 86.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Unti, T. and Atkinson, G.: 1968, ‘Two-Dimensional Chapman-Ferraro Problem with Neutral Sheet, 1, The Boundary’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 7319.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Volland, H.: 1975, ‘Differential Rotation of the Magnetospheric Plasma as Cause of the Svalgaard-Mansurov Effect’, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2311.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Vorob’yev, V. G.: 1974, ‘SC-Associated Effects in Auroras’, Geomag. Aeronom. 14, 72.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Winckler, J. R.: 1970, ‘The Origin and Distribution of Energetic Electrons in the Van Allen Radiation Belts’, Particles and Fields in the Magnetosphere, B. M. McCormac (ed.), p. 332, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasuhara, F., Akasofu, S.-I. and Mcllwain, C.E.: 1976, ‘Plasma Injection at the Geosynchronous Distance’, J. Geophys. Res. (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, 99701, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA

    Syun-Ichi Akasofu

Authors
  1. Syun-Ichi Akasofu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Akasofu, SI. (1977). Responses of the Magnetosphere to Interplanetary Disturbances. In: Physics of Magnetospheric Substorms. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 47. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1164-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1164-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-1166-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-1164-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation