Abstract
The impact of a unidirectionally streaming, unmagnetized plasma upon a dipole field was first studied by Chapman and Ferraro in a series of papers in 1931–33. The front of the stream was assumed to be an infinite plane or a cylindrical surface. Later, their study was extended by Zhigulev and Romishevskii (1960), Hurley (1961a, b) and Dungey (1961a) for a two-dimensional dipole and by Beard (1960, 1967), Midgley and Davis (1963) and Mead and Beard (1964) for a three-dimensional dipole.
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References
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Akasofu, SI. (1977). Open Magnetosphere and the Auroral Oval. In: Physics of Magnetospheric Substorms. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 47. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1164-8_2
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