Abstract
Nutrient substrates are needed in the human body in sufficient quantities to supply basal requirements and to support a state of nitrogen and nutritional equilibrium under a wide variety of conditions associated with catabolism. Ordinary requirements can be accentuated by trauma, sepsis, metabolic disorders and possibly malignancies. Increased metabolic demands have been postulated to occur in patients with malignant neoplasms for many years but have never been documented clearly. When cancer is diagnosed initially in today’s health environment, the patient is usually adequately nourished. However, the use of the various antineoplastic therapies often results in severe caloric deficits and produces marked weight loss and inanition. On the other hand, loss of body mass can be the initial clinical sign in patients with specific malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma and oat-cell carcinoma of the lung. Tumor bulk in patients with these malignant disorders is often quite large before any symptoms are produced, and weight loss, in part, may reflect the increased nutritional demand imposed upon the patient by this tumor mass. In contradistinction, malignant melanoma, breast cancer, most soft tissue sarcomas and most gastrointestinal malignancies produce early signs and symptoms, such as a palpable mass or bleeding, while the tumor is relatively small and before any weight loss secondary to the caloric demands of the malignancy can be identified.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bernard, R. W., Stahl, W. M. and Chase, R. M., Subclavian vein catheterization: a prospective study. II. Infectious complications. Annals of Surgery 173: 191–200 (1971).
Brennan, M. F., Goldman, M. H., O’Connell, R. C., Kundsin, R. B. and Moore, F. O., Prolonged parenteral alimentation: Candida growth and the prevention of candidemia by amphotericin instillation. Annals of Surgery 175: 265–272 (1972).
Cannon, P. R., Frazier, L. E. and Hughes, R. H., Influence of potassium on tissue protein synthesis. Metabolism 1: 49–57 (1952).
Copeland, E. M., MacFadyen, B. V., Jr. and Dudrick, S. J., Intravenous hyperalimentation in cancer patients. Journal of Surgical Research 16: 241–247 (1974).
Copeland, E. M., MacFadyen, B. V., Jr. and Dudrick, S. J., The use of hyperalimentation in patients with potential sepsis. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 138: 377–380 (1974).
Copeland, E. M., MacFadyen, B. V., Jr., Lanzotti, V. J. and Dudrick, S. J., Intravenous hyperalimentation as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy. American Journal of Surgery 129: 166–173 (1975).
Copeland, E. M., MacFadyen, B. V., Jr., MacComb, W. S., Guillamondegui, O., Jesse, R. H. and Dudrick, S. J., Intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with head and neck cancer. Cancer 35: 606–611 (1975).
Copeland, E. M., MacFadyen, B. V., Jr., Rapp, M. A. and Dudrick, S. J., Hyperalimentation and immune competence in cancer. In: Surgical Forum (Proceedings of the 31st Annual Session of the Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, 61st Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons). Chicago, Illinois, American College of Surgeons, 1975, Vol. XXVI, pp. 138–140.
Cuthbertson, D. P., Further observations on the disturbance of metabolism caused by injury, with particular reference to dietary requirements of fracture cases. British Journal of Surgery 23: 505–520 (1936).
Daly, J. M., Steiger, E., Vars, H. M. and Dudrick, S. J., Postoperative oral and intravenous nutrition. Annals of Surgery 180: 709–715 (1974).
Dudrick, S. J., Vars, H. M. and Rhoads, J. E., Growth of puppies receiving all nutritional requirements by vein. Fortschritte der Parenteralen Ernährung. Symposium of the International Society of Parenteral Nutrition in 1966. Lochham bei München, West Germany, Pallas Verlag, 1967, pp. 2–4.
Dudrick, S. J., Wilmore, D. W., Vars, H. M. and Rhoads, J. E., Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development and positive nitrogen balance. Surgery 64: 134–142 (1968).
Heatly, R. V. and Hughes, L. E., Preoperative intravenous nutrition in cancer patients (Abstract). Proceedings of the XIth International Cancer Congress 4: 874 (1975).
Lanzotti, V. C., Copeland, E. M., George, S. L., Dudrick, S. J. and Samuels, M. L., Cancer chemotherapeutic response and intravenous hyperalimentation. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 59: 437–439 (1975).
Long, J. M., Wilmore, D. W. and Pruitt, B. A., Comparison of carbohydrate and fat as caloric sources. In: Surgical Forum (Proceedings of the 31st Annual Session of the Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, 61st Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons). Chicago, Illinois, College of Surgeons, 1975, Vol. XXVI, pp. 108–110.
Meyer, J. A., Potentiation of solid-tumor chemotherapy by metabolic alteration. Annals of Surgery 179: 88–93 (1974).
Noall, M. W., Riggs, T. R., Walker, L. M. and Christensen, H. N., Endocrine control of amino acid transfer. Science 126: 1002–1005 (1957).
Pimstone, B. L., Wittmann, W., Hansen, J. D. L. and Murray, P., Growth hormone and kwashiorkor. The Lancet 2: 779–780 (1966).
Solomon, N., Copeland, E. M., MacFadyen, B. V., Jr., Dudrick, S. J. and Samaan, N. A., Intravenous hyperalimentation and growth hormone in cancer patients. In: Surgical Forum (Proceedings of the 30th Annual Session of the Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, 60th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons). Chicago, Illinois, American College of Surgeons, 1974, Vol. XXV, pp. 59–60.
Souchon, E. A., Copeland, E. M., Watson, P. and Dudrick, S. J., Intravenous hyperalimentation as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. Journal of Surgical Research 18: 451–454 (1975).
Wiseman, C., McGregor, R. F. and McCredie, K. B., Urinary amino-acid excretion in acute leukemia. Cancer 38: 219–224, 1976
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division The Hague
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dudrick, S.J., Copeland, E.M., MacFadyen, B.V. (1977). The nutritional care of the cancer patient. In: Greep, J.M., Soeters, P.B., Wesdorp, R.I.C., Phaf, C.W.R., Fischer, J.E. (eds) Current Concepts in Parenteral Nutrition. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1070-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1070-2_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-1072-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-1070-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive