Abstract
I discuss the arguments in favour of the traditional hypothesis that the string, compactification and Planck scales are all within two or three orders of magnitude from each other. I then briefly review recent ideas that challenge this traditional point of view.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
C. P. Bachas, Class. Quant. Grav. 17, 951 (2000) [hep-th/0001093].
C. Bachas, in Fundamental Interactions: From Symmetries to Black Holes, J.-M. Frère et al eds., Brussels 1999, [hep-th/9907023].
C. P. Bachas, hep-ph/0003259.
I. Antoniadis, hep-th/9909212.
I. Antoniadis and A. Sagnotti, Class. Quant. Grav. 17, 939 (2000) [hep-th/9911205].
L. E. Ibanez, Class. Quant. Grav. 17, 1117 (2000) [hep-ph/9911499].
E. Dudas, Class. Quant. Grav. 17, R41 (2000) [hep-ph/0006190].
E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B471 (1996) 135 [hep-th/9602070].
J.D. Lykken, Phys. Rev. D54 (1996) 3693 [hep-th/9603133.
E. Carceres, V.S. Kaplunovsky and I.M. Mandelberg, Nucl. Phys. B493 (1997) 73 [hep-th/9606036].
N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B429 (1998) 263, hep-ph/9803315; and Phys. Rev. D59 (1999)086004 [hep-ph/9807344].
I. Antoniadis, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 257 [hep-ph/9804398].
G. Shiu and S.-H. H. Tye, Phys. Rev. D58 (1998) 106007 [hepth/ 9805157].
Z. Kakushadze and S.-H. Henry Tye, Nucl. Phys. B548 (1999) 180 [hep-thj9809147]_.
C. Bachas, JHEP 9811 (1998) 023 [hep-phj9807415].
I. Antoniadis and C. Bachas, Phys. Lett. B450 (1999) 83 [hepthj9812093].
K. Benakli, Phys.Rev. D60 (1999) 104002 [hep-phj9809582].
C. Burgess, L.E. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Phys.Lett. B447 (1999) 257 [hep-phj9810535].
I. Antoniadis and B. Pioline, Nucl. Phys. B 550, 41 (1999) [hepthj9902055].
K. Benakli and Y. Oz, Phys. Lett. B 472, 83 (2000) [hepthj9910090].
L. E. Ibanez, hep-phj9905349.
L. Randall and R. Sundrum, Phys.Rev.Lett. 83 (1999) 3370 [hepphj9905221] and Phys.Rev.Lett. 83 (1999) 4690 [hep-thj9906064].
W. D. Goldberger and M. B. Wise, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4922 (1999) [hep-phj9907447].
N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and J. March-Russell, hepthj9908146.
N. Arkani-Hamed, L. Hall, D. Smith and N. Weiner, Phys. Rev. D 63, 056003 (2001) [hep-phj9911421].
J.C. Long, H.W. Chan and J.C. Price, Nucl.Phys. B539 (1999) 23 [hep-phj9805217].
S. Weinberg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 61 (1989) 1.
C. P. Burgess, R. C. Myers and F. Quevedo, Phys. Lett. B 495, 384 (2000) [hep-thj9911164]; E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, JHEP0005, 034 (2000) [hepthj9912018]; N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos, N. Kaloper and R. Sundrum, Phys. Lett. B 480, 193 (2000) [hep-thj0001197]; S. Kachru, M. Schulz and E. Silverstein, Phys. Rev. D 62, 045021 (2000) [hep-thj0001206]; R. Bousso and J. Polchinski, JHEP0006, 006 (2000) [hepthj0004134]; L. Feng, J. March-Russell, S. Sethi and F. Wilczek, hep-thj0005276; J. Chen, M. A. Luty and E. Ponton, JHEP0009, 012 (2000) [hepthj0003067].
R. Sundrum, JHEP 9907 (1999) 001 [hep-phj9708329]_; T. Tomaras, private communication.
See for instance S. Dimopoulos, in History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics ( Erice 1994), hep-ph/9412297.
H. Georgi, H. Quinn and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 (1974) 451.
S. Dimopoulos, S. Raby and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. D24 (1981) 1681; S. Dimopoulos and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B193 (1981) 150; L. Ibanez and G.G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B106 (1981) 439; N. Sakai, Z. Phys. C11 (1981) 153.
More recent discussions are given in P. Langacker and N. Polonsky, Phys.Rev. D47 (1993) 4028 [hep-ph/9210235; and Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 1454 [hep-ph/9306205]; M. Carena, S. Pokorski and C.E.M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B406 (1993) 59 [hep-ph/9303202]_; for fermion masses see also M. Carena, S. Dimopoulos, S. Raby and C.E.M. Wagner, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 4133, and references therein.
P. Ginsparg, Phys. Lett. B197 (1987) 139.
V. Kaplunovsky, Nucl. Phys. B307 (1988) 145; L. Dixon, V. Kaplunovsky and J. Louis, Nucl. Phys. B329 (1990) 27.
For a review see K. Dienes, Phys. Rep. 287 (1997) 447, and references therein.
G. Costa and F. Zwirner, Riv.Nuovo Cim. 9 (1986) 1.
G. Altarelli and F. Feruglio, Phys. Rept. 320, 295 (1999).
I. Antoniadis, Phys. Lett. B246 (1990) 377.
C. Bachas, unpublished (1995).
T.R. Taylor and G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B212 (1988) 147; K. R. Dienes, E. Dudas and T. Gherghetta, Phys. Lett. B436 (1998) 55 [hep-ph/9803466]_; Z. Kakushadze and T.R. Taylor, hep-th/9905137.
J. Scherk and J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B82 (1979) 60; and Nucl. Phys. B153 (1979) 61; R. Rohm, Nucl. Phys. B237 (1984) 553; S. Ferrara, C. Kounnas and M. Porrati, Nucl. Phys. B304 (1988) 500; S. Ferrara, C. Kounnas, M. Porrati and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B3l8 (1989) 75.
C. Bachas, hep-th/9503030; and in Topics in QFT, D. Tchrakian ed. (World Scientific, 1995) [hep-th/9509067]; M. Berkooz, M.R Douglas and R. G. Leigh, Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 265 [hep-th/9606139].
M. Dine and N. Seiberg, Nucl. Phys. B301 (1988) 357; T. Banks and L.J. Dixon, Nucl. Phys. B307 (1988) 93.
I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas, D. Lewellen and T. Tomaras, Phys. Lett. B207 (1988) 441.
J. Polchinski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4724.
For reviews see J. Polchinski, hep-th/9611050; W. I. Taylor, hep-th/9801182; C. P. Bachas, hep-th/9806199.
E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B460 (1996) 541, [hep-th/9511030].
P. Horava and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B460 (1996) 506, [hepth/ 9510209]; and Nucl. Phys. B475 (1996) 94, [hep-th/9603142].
V. Rubakov and M. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Lett. B125 (1983) 136; K. Akama, Lecture Notes in Physics 176, K. Kikkawa et al eds. (Springer Verlag 1983), [hep-th/0001193]; G.W. Gibbons and D.L. Wiltshire, Nucl. Phys. B287 (1987) 717.
G. Pradisi and A. Sagnotti, Phys. Lett. B216 (1989) 59; J. Dai, R.G. Leigh and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A4 (1989) 2073; P. Horava, Phys. Lett. B231 (1989) 251; M. Bianchi and A. Sagnotti, Phys.Lett. B247 (1990) 517.
J. Scherk, in Unification of the Fundamental Interactions, S. Ferrara and P. Van Nieuwenhuizen eds. (Plenum Press, New York, 1980).
V.A. Kuzmin, I. Tkachev, M. Shaposhnikov, JETP Lett. 36 (1982) 59; J.E. Moody and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. D30 (1984) 130; A. De Rujula, Phys. Lett. B180 (1986) 213.
T.R Taylor and G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B213 (1988) 450; J. Ellis, N.C. Tsamis and M. Voloshin, Phys.Lett. B194 (1987) 291; S. Dimopoulos and G. F. Giudice, Phys. Lett. B379 (1996) 105 [hep-ph/9602350]_and references therein.
A. Kehagias and K. Sfetsos, Phys. Lett. B 472, 39 (2000) [hepph/ 9905417]_.
N. Arkani-Hamed and S. Dimopoulos, hep-ph/9811353.
G.F. Giudice, R Rattazzi and J.D. Wells, Nucl. Phys. B544 (1999) 3 [hep-ph/9811291]; E.A. Mirabelli, M. Perelstein and M.E. Peskin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 2236 [hep-ph/9811337]; T. Han, J.D. Lykken, R.-J. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D59 (1999) 105006 [hep-ph/9811350]; J.L. Hewett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 4765 [hep-ph/9811356]; S. Nussinov and R. Shrock; Phys. Rev. D59 (1999) 105002 [hepph/ 9811323].
See for example H.P. Nilles, Phys. Rep. 110C (1984) 1.
A. Hashimoto and I. Klebanov, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. B55 (1997) 118, [hep-th/9611214.
D. M. Ghilencea and G. G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B 480, 355 (2000) [hep-ph/0001143].
I. Antoniadis, E. Kiritsis and T. N. Tomaras, Phys. Lett. B 486, 186 (2000) [hep-ph/0004214].
G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. E. Ibanez and G. Violero, Nucl. Phys. B536 (1998) 29; L. E. Ibanez, R. Rabadan and A. M. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B542 (1999) 112; I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas and E. Dudas, Nucl. Phys.B560 (1999) 93, [hep-th/9906039.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bachas, C. (2001). Scales of String/M Theory. In: Baulieu, L., Green, M., Picco, M., Windey, P. (eds) Progress in String Theory and M-Theory. NATO Science Series, vol 564. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0852-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0852-5_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-7034-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0852-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive