Enzyme Immobilisation Studies for Sensor Applications

Abstract

Sensor systems are often based on enzymes for the generation of a measurable signal. Some of the most well-known examples are the amperometric sensors based on glucose oxidase and horse radish peroxidase and the enzyme-based field effect transistors (ENFETS) with incorporated penicillinase or urease. One of the most essential aspects determining the operational parameters (lifetime, detection limit) of enzym-based detector systems is the immobilisation of the enzyme. Immobilisation of enzymes can be carried out using charge interactions, adsorptive forces, or forming a covalent chemical bond with the surface. Enzymes can also be integrated in polymer matrices or confined in three-dimensional structures by using membranes.