Abstract
In 1998 the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the proposal FOCUS as the first and only Earth observation experiment for the Early Utilization Phase of the International Space Station (ISS). FOCUS consists of imaging sensors in the visible and infrared spectral region as well as an infrared Fourier transform (FTIR) spectrometer. It aims at autonomous detection and geolocation of high temperature events (HTE) on Earth like forest and bush fires, volcano eruptions or coal seam fires. Furthermore HTEs and their emissions are to be analyzed with respect to their spatial extension, temperatures, gas and smoke composition and distribution. This will be achieved by a combination of spectral and imaging data of the FOCUS sensor system and analyses based on unique fusion of these data. FOCUS is scheduled to be launched with ISS utilization flight UF-3 in September 2004.
This paper introduces to the FOCUS experiment and briefly describes its imaging part. It then concentrates on the spectrometry and data analysis. The FTIR spectrometer based on the MIROR concept (developed by DLR) is presented as well as are the optical modifications necessary for the FOCUS experiment requirements. High accuracy radiometric calibration demands are investigated. Modeling of radiation transfer, including gases of relevance like CO2. CO, CH4, and SO2 as well as smoke is part of the development of data analysis procedures. Retrieval algorithms for the determination of combustion trace gas columns and aerosol particle size distribution are under development. The retrieval approach based on data fusion is discussed.
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Tank, V. et al. (2001). Spectroscopic Measurements from Space with the Focus Sensor System to Analyse Gas and Smoke Properties of High Temperature Events. In: Demaison, J., Sarka, K., Cohen, E.A. (eds) Spectroscopy from Space. NATO Science Series, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0832-7_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0832-7_16
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