Abstract
In this paper we study industrial contaminated soils in an area near Estarreja, close to Aveiro in central Portugal. The industries are the main source of pollution in this area, since one of the most important chemical industrial perimeters is located within the study area Those industries are responsible for the contamination of soils and local aquifers mainly by Cu, Pb, Zn and As. Until 1975 the liquid effluents, produced by these industrial units, were discharged directly to several streams. These discharges contained different types of contaminants. The industrial units have also rejected huge quantities of solid waste. A geological soil survey was conducted to identify the origin of the contaminationand to map the most important contaminated areas. Geochemical data were interpreted by multivariate geostatistical techniques and by Factorial Kriging, to understand and identify spatial components acting at several scales and allowing the identificationof trace metal common sources. A comparisonbetween the mapping of the different spatial components and of the initial variables logaritmized values as well as the results of the Factorial Analysis of Corregionalization allowed the perception of the variables different behaviour at different scales (punctual, local and regional).The methodology used is an important tool for the separation between the geological and anthropic inputs and for the identification of common pollution sources.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Azevedo, Azevedo, M. C. C. 1999. Contribuição para a Caracterizaão Ambiental da Área Envolvente do Complexo Químicode Estarreja. MscThesis, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro.
Barradas, J. J. M. 1992. Geoqufmica de Elementos Maiores e Vestigiais em Amostras de Solos, Sedimentos de Vale e ?guas Subterrâneas. Contribuição para a Caracterização Ambiental da Zona Envolventeao Complexo de Estarreja. PhD Thesis, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, pp. 204.
Batista, A. C., Ferreirada Silva, Azevedo, M. C. C., Sousa, A.J. and Cardoso Fonseca, E., 2001 a), Soil Data AnalysisfromCentral Portugal by PCA and Geostatistical Techniques,(submitted for publication in Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis).
Batista, A. C., Sousa,A. I., Batista, M.J. and Viegas, L. 2000 b). Factorial kriging with external drift: a case study on the Penedono region, Portugal. Accepted for publicationin the Journal of Applied Geochemistry.
Brodie, K., Frary, B., Stweman, B. and Voth, L. 1983. An Automated Vapor Generation Accessoryfor Atomic Absorption Analysis. Varian Instruments at Work, AA — 38, pp. 8.
Bronson, R., 1993. Matrizes, Schaum, McGraw-Hill, 302 pp.
Cardoso, J. C., 1974. A Classificação dos Solos de Portugal — nova versão. Boletirn de Solos, 17, 14–46.
Carringtonda Costa, J., 1937. O Neocretácico da Beira Litoral. Public. Mus. Lab. E Geol.da Faculdade do Porto, 5,6–34.
Costa, C. and Jesus, C. 1999. Casestudy of heavy metals pollutionin Estarreja(Portugal). International Conference on Investigation Methods on Soil Contamination,Lisboa. pp. 10.
Garret, R. G., 1973.The Detennination of Sampling and Analytical Errors in Exploration Geochemistry. EconomicGeology,Vol. 68, 282–283.
Girao, A., 1951. Evolução Morfológica do Baixo Vouga. Boletim Do Centro de Estudos Geográficos de Portugal, Universidade de Coimbra, no2 and 3, 75–86.
Goovaerts, P. and Webster, R., 1994 Scale-dependent correlation betweentopsoil copper and cobalt concentrations in Scotland, European Journal of Soil Science, 45, 79–95.
Goovaerts, P., 1992, Multivariate Geostatistical Tools for Studying Scale Dependent Correlation Structures and Describing Space-time Variations, PhD Thesis, Univ. Catholique de Louvains, 205 pp.
Goovaerts, P., 1999. Geostatistical in Soil Science: State-of-the-Artand Perspectives., Geodenna, 89, p. 1–45.
Jimenez-Espinosa, R., Sousa, A. J., Chica-Olmo, M., 1993. Identification of Geochemieal Anomalies Using Principal Components Analysisand Factorial Analysis., Journal of Geochemical Exploration, no 46, p. 245–256.
Korre, A., 1999. Statistical and Spatial Assessmentof soil heavy metal Contamination in areas of poorly recorded complex sources of pollution. PARTI: Factor Analysis for contamination assessment. stochastic environmental Research and Risk Assessment 13, 260–287
Lecomte, P. and Sondag, F. 1980. RegionalGeochemicalReconnaissancein the Belgian Ardennes, Secondary Dispersion Patterns in Stream Sediments. Mineralium Deposita, 15 (1), 47–60.
Matheron, G. 1982. Por une Analyse Krigeante des Données Régionalisées. Publication N-732. Centre de Geostatistique, École de Mines de Paris, Fontainbleau, pp. 22
Moitinho de Almeidaand and Zbyszewski, G., 1948. Contribuição para o Conhecimento dos Terrenos Quaternáries de Estarreja. Com. Serv. Geol. de Portugal, tomo XVIII, pp. 104.
Moitinho de Almeidaand and Zbyszewski, G., 1949. Contribuição para o Conhecimento dos Terrenos Quaternáries de Estarreja. Com. Servo Geol. de Portugal, toma XXIV, pp. 120.
Sandjivy, L., 1984, The Factorial KrigingAnalyses of Regionalized Data. Its Applicationto Geochemical Prospecting,G. Verly, M. Davis,A.. Journal and M. Marechal (Ed.), Geostatistics for Natural Resources Characterisation, NATO-ASI series CI22, Reidel, Dordrecht,p. 559–572.
Sousa, A. J., 1989, Geostatistical Data Analysis-an Application to Ore Typology, Geostatistics, vol, 2, p. 851-860.
Teixeira, C; 1946. Essai sur la Paléogéographie du Littoral Portugais au Nord du Vouga. Petrus Nonius, 6–(34), 6–27.
Teixeira, C. 1963. Notífcia explieativa da carta geólogica, folha 13-C, escala 1/50000, Ovar. Services Geológicosde Portugal, Lisboa. Cardoso, J. c., 1974. A Classificação dos Solos de Portugal — nova versão. Boletimde Solos, 17, 14–46.
Wackemagel, H., 1988, Geostatistical techniques for interpreting multivariate spatial infonnation. In: Chung, C:F: et al (eds), Quantative Analysis of Mineral and Energy Resources, 309–409, NATO ASI Series C 223, Reidel, Dordrecht.
Wackernagel, H., 1993 (4ème edition), Cours de Géostatistique Multivariable, Centre de Géostatistique, École de Mines de Paris, Fontainebleau, 80 pp.
Warckernagel, H., 1995, Multivariate Geostatistics., Springer, Berlin, pp. 256.
Warckernagel, H., Sangurinetti, H., 1993, Gold prospection with Factorial Cokriging in the Limousin, France, Studies in Mathematical Geology, Oxford University Press.
Zbyszewski, G., 1958. Le Quaternaire du Portugal. Bol. Soc. Geol. Portugal, Vol. XII, Pasc, I–Porto. pp. 227.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Batista, A.C., Ferreira da Silva, E.A., Sousa, A.J., Fonseca, E.C. (2001). Factorial Kriging Applied to the Study of Industrial Contaminated Soils. In: Monestiez, P., Allard, D., Froidevaux, R. (eds) geoENV III — Geostatistics for Environmental Applications. Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0810-5_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0810-5_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-7107-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0810-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive