Abstract
It may come as a surprise that an edited volume on modern biotechnology and its impact on ways countering BTW agents should conclude with a chapter on “norms”, a concept certainly more at home in sociology or political science. However, there are three main areas where modern biotechnology is of particular relevance for the development of norms and rules against BTW agents. The first of these areas is related to the enormous capital invested in commercial biotechnology applications and the huge profits that can be derived from these investments. [1] This might suggest that policy in this field is guided by economic imperatives rather than by normative ones. The second area is related to the “dual use” nature of modern biotechnology, i.e. its possible application in both the civil realm — to make diagnostics, vaccines, medicines — and in the military sphere. [2] This problem is aggravated by the third area, the difficulties involved in distinguishing between perfectly legitimate defensive military R&D and work on an offensive BW program. [3]
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Kelle, A. (2001). Biotechnology and the Development of Norms Against BTW Agents. In: Kelle, A., Dando, M.R., Nixdorff, K. (eds) The Role of Biotechnology in Countering BTW Agents. NATO Science Series, vol 34. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0775-7_23
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