Abstract
The experimental data on the chemical composition of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are analysed in the energy range between ~10 MeV/nucl and ~ PeV. The lower part of the energy range corresponds to the so-called ‘anomalous cosmic rays’ (ACR); the difference between ACR and more energetic GCR is their charge state which is close to +1, as well as their chemical composition. While the issue of ACR origin is practically resolved, the mechanism of nuclear component acceleration in the energy above hundreds GeV/nucl is still subject to discussion due to the ambiguity of the available experimental data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kulikov, G.V. and Khristiansen, G.B. (1958) EAS spectrum of all-particles, Zhurnal Experimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki 35, 635–640. (in Russian).
Shapiro, M. (1962) Supernovae as cosmic ray sources, Science 135, 175–193.
Kalmykov, N.N. and Khristiansen, G.B. (1995) Cosmic rays of superhigh and ultrahigh energies, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21, 1279–1301.
Garcia-Munoz, M., Mason, G.M., Simpson, J.H. (1973) A new test for solar modulation theory: the 1972_May–July low energy galactic cosmic ray proton and helium spectra, Astrophys. J. (Lett.). 182, L81–L84.
Panasyuk, M. (1993) Anomalous cosmic ray studies on ‘Cosmos’ satellites, Proc. of the XXIII Int. Cosmic Ray Conference. (Invited, rapporteur and highlight papers), 455–463.
Klecker, B. (1995). The anomalous component of cosmic rays in the 3-D heliosphere, Space Science Reviews 72, 419–430.
Fisk, L.A., Kozlovskiy, B., Ramaty, R. (1974) An interpretation of the observed oxygen and nitrogen enhancements in low-energy cosmic rays. Astrophys. J. (Lett.) 190, L35–L38.
Hovestadt, D.O., Valmer, O., Gloeckler, G., Fan, C. (1973) Differential energy spectra of low-energy (8.5 MeV per nucléon) heavy cosmic rays during solar quiet times, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 650–667.
Mewaldt, R.A., Selesnick, R.S., Cummings, J.R., Stone, E.C., Von Rosenvinge, T.T. (1996) Evidence for multiply charged anomalous cosmic rays, Astrophys. J. 466, L43–L46.
Adams, J.H., Garcia-Munoz, M., Grigorov, N.L., Klecker, B., Kondratyeva, M.A., Mason, G.M., McGuire, E., Mewaldt, R., Panasyuk, MX, Tretyakova, Ch.A., Tylka, A.J., Zhuravlev, D.A. (1991) The charge state of the anomalous component of cosmic rays, Astrophys J.(Lett) 375, L45–L48.
Blake, J.B. and Friesen, L.M. (1977). A technique to determine the charge state of the anomalous low energy cosmic rays., Proc. of the 15th ICRC 2, 341–346.
Grigorov, N.L., Kondratyeva, M.A., Panasyuk, M.I., Tretyakova, Ch.A., Adams, J.H., Blake, J.B., Shultz, M., Mewaldt, R.A., Tylka A.J. (1991) Evidence for trapped anomalous cosmic ray oxygen ions in the inner magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Letters 18, 1959–1962.
Selesnik, R.S., Cummings, A.C., Cummings, J.R., Mewaldt, R.A., Stone, E.C., Von Rosenvinge, T.T. (1995). Geomagnetically trapped anomalous cosmic rays, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 9503–9509.
Grigorov, N.L., Nesterov, V.E., Rappoport, I.D. (1970) Measurements of particle spectra on the ‘Proton-1,2,3’ satellites, Yadernaya fizika 11, 1058–1067. (in Russian).
Shibata, T. (1996) Cosmic Ray spectrum and composition: direct observation, Nuovo Cimento 19, 713–721.
Watson, A.A. (1998) Charged cosmic rays above 1 TeV, Invited, Rapporteur and Highlight Papers of the 25th ICRC 8, 257–280.
Panasyuk, M.I. (1998) Galactic Cosmic Ray Composition, Proc. 16th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 235–244.
Ryazhskaya, O.G. (1996) Muons and neutrinos in the cosmic radiation, Nuovo Cimento 19, 655–670.
Grigorov, N.L., and Tolstaya, E.D. (1998) How many ‘knees’ does the galactic cosmic ray spectrum have?, Preprint INP MSU -98-8-509, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics.
Berezhko, E.G. (1996) Maximum energy of cosmic rays accelerated by supernova shocks, Astroparticle Physics 5, 367–378.
Ellison, D.C., Drury, L., Meyer, J.P. (1997) Galactic cosmic rays from supernova remnants, II. Shock acceleration of gas and dust, Astrophys. J. 487, 197–217.
Hörandel, J.R. (1998) Cosmic-ray mass composition in the PeV region estimated from the hardronic component of EAS, Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 579–582.
Weber, J.H. (1998) Estimation of the chemical composition in the ‘knee’ region from the muon/electron ratio in EAS., Proc. of the 16th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 567–570.
Erlykin, A.D., Wolfendale, A.w. (1998) High-energy cosmic ray spectroscopy, Astroparticle Physics 8, 265–281.
Kuzmichev, L.A., Antonov, R. A. (2000) Personal communication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Panasyuk, M.I. (2001). Galactic Cosmic Ray Composition: From the Anomalous Component to the Knee. In: Shapiro, M.M., Stanev, T., Wefel, J.P. (eds) Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation. NATO Science Series, vol 44. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0560-9_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0560-9_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0174-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0560-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive