Skip to main content

Achieving Large-Scale Change in Medical Education

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
International Handbook of Research in Medical Education

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE,volume 7))

Summary

“The problem is the reconciliation of unbridled radicalism and inert conservatism into reasonable reform”.(Dewey, 1898)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 429.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • AAMC (1998). The Medical School Objectives Project. Report I: Learning Objectives for Medical Student Education: Guidelines for Medical Schools. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Schools.

    Google Scholar 

  • AAMC (1998). The Medical School Objectives Project. Report II: Contemporary Issues in Medicine: Medical Informatics and Population Health. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Schools.

    Google Scholar 

  • AAMC (1998) What Americans Say About the Nation’s Medical Schools and Teaching Hospitals: Report on Public Opinion Research, Part II. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Schools.

    Google Scholar 

  • AAMC (1999). (Association of American Medical Schools) The Medical School Objectives Project.Academic Medicine74(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • AAMC (2000). The Medical School Objectives Project. Report III: Contemporary Issues in Medical Education: Integrating Spirituality, End of Life Issues and Cultural Issues into the Practice of Medicine. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Schools.

    Google Scholar 

  • ACME-TRI Report. (1993). Educating Medical Students: Assessing Change in Medical Education - The Road to Implementation.Academic Medicine68(6) Supplement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adapting Clinical Medical Education to the Needs of Today and Tomorrow. (1988). New York: Josiah H. Macy Jr. Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. B. (1999) In progress: reports of new approaches in medical education.Academic Medicine 74562–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, H., Cook, L. M., Davidson, J. M., Schurman, D. R, Taylor, E. W., & Wensel, R. H. (1994).Organizational transformation in health care.San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angell, M. (2000). Is academic medicine for sale?New England Journal of Medicine342(20).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansoff, H. I. (1965).Corporate strategy.New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C. (1991). Teaching smart people how to learn.Harvard Business Review69(3) May-June, 99–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1974).Theory in practice: increasing professional effectiveness.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978).Organisational learning: A theory of action perspective.Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, N. C. (1999). Modernizing medical education.Hospital Medicine 6054–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldridge, J. V. (1975). Rules for a Machiavellian change agent: transforming the entrenched professional organization. In J. V. Baldridge & T. E. Deal (Eds.)Managing change in educational organizations(pp. 378–388). Berkeley, CA: McCutcheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldridge, J. V., & Deal, T. E. (1975). Overview of change processes in educational organizations. In J. V. Baldridge & T. E. Deal (Eds.)Managing change in educational organizations(pp. 1–23). Berkeley, CA: McCutcheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, B. E. (1998). Creating the practice-learning environment: Using information technology to support a new model of continuing medical educationAcademic Medicine 73278–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, R. W., & Ulrich, D. O. (1991). Re-energizing the mature organization.Organizational Dynamics Summer16–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckhard, R., & Pritchard, W. (1992).Changing the essence.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beer, M., Eisenstat, R. A., & Spector, B. (1990). Why change programs don’t produce change.Harvard Business Review Nov-Dec158–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W. G. (1989).Why leaders can’t lead.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W. G., & Namus, B. (1985).Leaders: Strategies for taking charge.New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W. G., Benne, K. D., Chin, R., & Corey, K. E. (1976).The planning of change.New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berge, Z. L., & Collins, M. P. (Eds.). (1995)Computer mediated communication and the online classroom.Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B. S. (1999). Internet availability of prescription pharmaceuticals to the public.Annals of Internal Medicine 131830–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, S. W. (1988) Structure and ideology in medical education: an analysis of resistance to change.Journal of Health and Social Behavior Dec294–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, S. W. (1989). The medical school as a social organization: the sources of resistance to change.Medical Education 23228–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal, D., Campbell, E. G., Anderson, M. S., Causino, N., & Louis, K. S. (1997). Withholding research results in academic life science: evidence from a national survey of faculty.Journal of the American Medical Association277, 1224–1228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobula, J. D. (1980). Work patterns, practice characteristics, and incomes of male and female physicians.Journal of Medical Education 55826–833.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer, T. (2000). Uneasy alliance: clinical investigators and the pharmaceutical industry.New England Journal of Medicine 342(20)1539–1544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, E. L. (1990).“Scholarship reconsidered” priorities of the professorate.Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University. (1998).Reinventing undergraduate education: a blueprint for America’s research universities.Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryson, J. M. (1988).Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryson, J. M. (1995).Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulger, R. J. (1998).The quest for mercy.Charlottesville, VA: Jennings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulger, R. J. (2000). The quest for the therapeutic organization.Journal of the American Medical Association283(18), 2431–2433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Business & Health.(1998). DataWatch: Rx coverage and consumer ads: a costly combo. October, 68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussigel, M., Barzansky, B., & Grenholm, G. (1986). Goal coupling and innovation in medical schools.Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences 22425–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabot, H. (1915). Medicine: a profession or a trade.Boston Medical and Surgical Journal Nov 4&685–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, J. C., Cohen, A. B., Barker, D. C., Shuster, A. L., & Reynolds, R. C. (1991). Medical educators’ views on medical education reform.Journal of the American Medical Association 2651002–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey, R. M., Wheby, M. S., & Reynolds, R. E. (1993). Evaluating faculty clinical excellence in the academic health science center.Academic Medicine 68813–817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, D., LeClair, K., & Kaczorowski, J. (1999). Problem-based small-group learning via the Internet among community family physicians: A randomized controlled trial.MD Computing16(3), 54–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, A. D. (1962).Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the industrial enterprise.Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, O., & Moore, D. G. (1970).The organization makers.New York: Appleton-Century.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, C. L., Rout, U., & Faragher, B. (1989). Mental health, job satisfaction and job stress among general practitioners.British Medical Journal 298366–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cravener, P. A. (1999). Faculty experiences with providing online courses: thorns among roses.Computers in Nursing 1742–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuban, L. (1997). Change without reform: the case of Stanford University School of Medicine. 1908–1990.American Educational Research Journal34(1), 1908–1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, L. (1991). Patterns of learning style across selected medical specialties.Educational Psychology 11(3&4), 247–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, L. (1998).Blueprint for the future: Educational enhancement project report and recommendations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Washington, DC: The Liaison Committee for Podiatric Medical Education and Practice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, L. (1999). Cognitive and learning styles in medical education.Academic Medicine74(4), 409–413. Davis, W. K., & White, B. A. (1993). Centralized decision making in management of the curriculum at the University of Michigan Medical School.Academic Medicine68(5), 409–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, P. (1982). Women doctors: choices and constraints in policies for medical manpower. Project Paper #28. London: King’s Fund Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeAngelis, C. D. (2000). The plight of academic health centers.Journal of the American Medical Association283(18), 2438–2439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deming, W. E. (1986).Out of the crisis.Cambridge: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study.

    Google Scholar 

  • Des Marchais, J. E. et collaborateurs. (1996).Apprendre d Devenir Màdecin: Bilan d’un Changement P¨¦dagogique centre sur l’àtudiant.Sherbrooke, Quàbec: Università de Sherbrooke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Des Marchais, J. E., & Bordage, G. (1998). Sustaining curricular change at Sherbrooke through external, formative program evaluations.Academic Medicine73(5), 494–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Des Marchais, J. E., Bureau, M. A., Dumais, B.&Pigeon, G. (1992). From traditional to problem-based learning: a case report of complete curriculum reform.Medical Education26, 190–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeweyJournal Monist(1898), 8, 335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, B. (1996).Managing change.[On line] Available athttp://www.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/arr/change.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, B., & Dalman, T. (1990).Values in action: applying the ideas of Argyris and Schön.Brisbane: Interchange.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickhout, R., Denham, M., & Blackwell, N. (1995). Designing change programs that won’t cost you your job.McKinsey Quarterly 4101–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, C. L. (1996). Distance education research and continuing professional education: reframing questions for the emerging information infrastructure.Journal for Continuous Education in the Health Professions 165–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, P. E. (1970). Entrepreneurship in business enterprise.Journal of Business PolicyI(1), 3–12. Dumelow, C., Littlejohns, P., & Griffiths, S. (2000). The inter-relationship between a medical career and family life for hospital consultants: an interview survey.British Medical Journal 3203–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enarson, C., & Burg, F. D. (1992). An overview of reform initiatives in medical education: 1906 through 1992.Journal of the American Medical Association 2681141–1143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. G., & Stoddart, G. L. (1990). Producing health, consuming health care.Social Science in Medicine31(12), 1347–1363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Financial Post.(2000). Advertisement: Get your Executive MBA Online. Friday, February 18`h: D8, columns 2 &3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finocchio, L. J., Dower, C. M., McMahon, T., Gragnola, C. M., & the Taskforce on Health Care Workforce Regulation. (1995).Reforming health care workforce regulation: Policy considerations for the 2P century.San Francisco: Pew Health Professions Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flexner, A. (1910). Medical Education in the United States and Canada: a report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Bulletin no. 4. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedberg, M., Saffran, B., Stinson, T. J., Nelson, W., & Bennett, C. L. (1999). Evaluation of conflict of interest in economic analyses of new drugs used in oncology.Journal of the American Medical Association 2821453–1457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, C. P., & Purcell, E. F. (Eds.). (1983).The new biology and medical education: merging the biological information and cognitive sciences.New York: Josiah H. Macy Jr. Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funkenstein, D. H. (1978).Medical students medical schools and society during five eras.Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Future Directions for Medical Education: a report of the Council on Medical Education. (1982). Chicago: American Medical Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gale, R., & Grant, J. (1997). AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 10: managing change in a medical context: guidelines for action.Medical Teacher 19(4)239–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • General Medical Council. (1996).Tomorrow’s doctors: recommendations on undergraduate medical education.London: GMC

    Google Scholar 

  • General Medical Council. (1997).The new doctor.London: GMC

    Google Scholar 

  • Giardino, A. P., Giardino, E. R., MacLaren, C. F., & Burg, F. D. (1994). Managing change: a case study of implementing change in a clinical evaluation system.Teaching and Learning in Medicine6(3), 149–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Globe and Mail.(1999). Statscan study shows doctors raking it in. Thursday, December 2nd

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, D. (2000).e-Health care: Harness the Power of Internet e-Commerce and e-Careas quoted in “Online relief for health care overload”Financial PostMonday May 1“: El.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, J.&Marsden, P. (1992).Training senior house officers by service-based learning.London: Joint Centre for Education in Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, C. (1980). How will the new wave of women graduates change the medical profession?Canadian Medical Association Journal 123798–801.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griner, P. F., & Danoff, D. (2000). Sustaining change in medical education.Journal of the American Medical Association 283(18)2429–2431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gruppen, L. D. (1997). Implications of cognitive research for ambulatory care education.Academic Medicine72(2), 117–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, I. B. (1993). Perspectives for curriculum renewal in medical education.Academic Medicine 68(6)484–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings Centre Report.(1996) The Goals of Medicine: Setting new standards. Special Supplement, Nov-Dec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heins, M., Smock, S., Martindale, L., Jacobs, J., & Stein, M. (1977). Comparison of the productivity of women and men physicians.Journal of the American Medical Association 237(23)2514–2517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hersh, W. (1999). A world of knowledge at your fingertips: The promise, reality and future directions of online information retrieval.Academic Medicine72, 240–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hippisley-Cox, J., Allan, J., Pringle, M., Ebdon, D., McPhearson, M., Churchill, D., & Bradley, S. (2000). Association between teenage pregnancy rates and the age and sex of general practitioners: cross sectional survey in Trent 1994–7.British Medical Journal 3201994–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huff, A. S. (Ed.). (1990).Mapping strategic thought.Somerset, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hylka, S. C., & Beschle, J. C. (1995). Nurse practitioners, cost savings and improved patient care in the Department of Surgery.Nurse Economist13(6), 349–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, J. (1997). Forum on the future of academic medicine: Session 1 - Setting the stage.Academic Medicine 72(7), 595–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jadad, A. (1999). Promoting partnerships: challenges for the Internet age.British Medical Journal 319761–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, F. A., & Johnson, C. L. (1976). Role strain in high-commitment career women.Journal of American Academic Psychoanalysis4(1), 13–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonas, S. (1984). The case for change in medical education in the United States.Lancet 2452–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R. F., & Gold, J. S. (1998). Faculty appointment and tenure policies in medical schools: a 1997 status report.Academic Medicine 73212–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jupiter Communications (2000). As quoted in `Online relief for health care overload’Financial PostMonday May Pt: El.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanter, R. M. (1983).The change masters.New York: Simon & Schuster

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. (1998). Leadership and governance.Academic Medicine 73(9) supplement, Si 1-S15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehrer, B. H. (1976). Factors affecting the incomes of men and women physicians: an exploratory analysis.Journal of Human Resources 11(4), 526–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kets de Vries, M. (1991).Organizations on the couch.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch, L. W., Pazaki, S. H., & Campbell, J. D. (1992). The first 20 years of nurse practitioner literature: an evolution of joint practice issues.Nurse Practitioner 17(2), 62–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotter, J. P. (1995). Leading change: why transformation efforts fail.Harvard Business Review March-April59–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, M. (1999). US online pharmacies strive for respectability.Lancet 354782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, W., & Rubenstein, A. (1999). Mission critical: integrating clinician-educators into academic medical centers.New England Journal of Medicine 341(11), 840–843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, W., Tolle, S. W., & Lewis, C. (1989). Women in academic medicine combining career and family.New England Journal of Medicine 321(22), 1511–1517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levit, E. J. (1973).Evaluation in continuum of medical education.Report of the Committee on Goals and Priorities of the National Board of Medical Examiners. Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, S. (1999). Most community pharmacies question value of DTC Rx ads.Drug Topics, December6&, 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1951).Field theory in social science.New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin Group (2000).The impact of the Medicare Balanced Budget Refinement Act on Medicare payments to hospitals.Falls Church, VA: American Hospital Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Light, D. W. (1988). Toward a new sociology of medical education.Journal of Health and Social Behavior29(December), 307–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg, M. A. (1998). The process of change: stories of the journey.Academic Medicine73(9) supplement, S4–S10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindblom, C. E. (1959). The science of “muddling through”.Public Administration Review 1979–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorange, P. (1980).Corporate planning: an executive viewpoint.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod, S. M. (1997). Change and the academic health science centre: 1997 perspective.ACMC Forum August3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, I. C. (1978).Strategy formation: political concepts.St. Paul, MN: West.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makridakis, S. (1990).Forecasting planning and strategy for the 2E’ century. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958).Organizations.New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mårtenson, D. (1989). Educational development in an established medical school: facilitating and impeding factors in change at the Karolinska Institute.Medical Teacher11(1), 17–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormach, C., & Jones, D. (1998).Building a Web-based education system.Toronto: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLellan, F. (1998). The Internet.Lancet352(Supplement II), S1139–S1143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medical Post.(1998). National Survey of Doctors. December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mennin, S. P., & Kaufman, A. (1989). The change process and medical education. Medical Teacher11(1), 916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. (1979). Strategy, structure and environment: context influences on some bivariate associations.Journal of Management Studies16(Oct), 294–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D., Droge, C., & Toulouse, J. (1988). Strategic process and content as mediators between organizational context and structure.Academy of Management Journal31(3), 544–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. (1998).Strategy safari: a guided tour through the wilds of strategic management.New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, A., Pinelli, J., Patterson, C., & Southwell, D. (1993).Utilization of nurse practioners in Ontario.Executive Summary (discussion paper). Hamilton, ON: McMaster University School of Nursing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizrahi, T. (1986).Getting rid of patients: Contradictions in the socialization of physicians.New Brunswick,NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohrman, A. M., Mohrman, A. S., Ledford, G. E., Cummings, T. G., & Lawler, E. E. (1980).Large-scale organizational change.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, S. (1998). Separating the wheat from the chaff: evaluating consumer health information on the Internet.Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana Summer19(4), 142–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, I. B. (1962).Introduction to Type: a description of the theory and application of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neufeld, V. R., Maudsley, R. F., Pickering, R. J., Walters, B. C., Turnbull, J. F., Spasoff, R. A., Hollomby, D. J., & La Vigne, K. J. (1993). Demand-side medical education: educating future physicians for Ontario.Canadian Medical Association Journal 1481471–1477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995).The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation.New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Normann, R. (1977).Management for growth.New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1999) as quoted by Kettle, J. in Your money or your life.The Globe & Mail: September2: B4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, D., & Gaebler, T. (1993).Reinventing government.New York: Plume.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ottawa Citizen.(2000). Billionaire donates $1000M for free online university. Thursday, March 16: A14, columns 2, 3, 4 & 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardes, H. (1997). The future of medical schools and teaching hospitals in the era of managed care.Academic Medicine 7297–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardes, H. (2000). The perilous state of academic medicine.Journal of the American Medical Association 283(18), 2427–2429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parle, J. V., Greenfield, S. M., Skelton, J., Lester, H., & Hobes, F. D. R. (1997). Acquisition of the basic clinical skills in the general practice setting.Medical Education 3199–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pellegrino, E. D. (1978). Medical education.Encyclopedia of BioethicsVol. 2, 863–870. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Physicians for the Twenty-First Century: report of the Project Panel on the general professional education of the physician and college preparation for medicine. (1984). Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirisi, A. (1999). Patient-directed drug advertising puts pressure on US doctors.Lancet 3541887.PJ (1999).Internet pharmacy.Pharmaceutical Journal 263841.

    Google Scholar 

  • PJ (2000). On-line pharmacy offers NHS dispensing service.Pharmaceutical Journal 264201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. (1980).Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors.New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, L., Parmelle, R. D., & Weisenfelder, H. (1969). Practice patterns of women and men physicians.Journal of Medical Education 44481–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt, N. L., Underwood, L. S., & Surver, W. (2000).Biolnquiry: making connections in biology.New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, J. B. (1980).Strategies for change: Logical incrementalism.Holmwood: Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, J. B. (1982). Managing strategies incrementally.Omega: International Journal of Management Sciences 10(6), 613–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan-Smith, M. G. (1998). Reform without change: update, 1998.Academic Medicine73(5), 505–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Relman, A. (1980). Here come the women. NewEngland Journal of Medicine 302(22)1252–1253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhcnman, E. (1973).Organization theory for long-range planning.London: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, R. E., & Richlin, L. (1993). Broadening the concept of scholarship in the professions. In L. Curry & J. F. Wergin (Eds.)Educating professionals: Responding to new expectations for competence and accountability(pp. 279–315). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roddie, I. C. A. (1986). A critique of fashion in medical education: some thoughts on the GPEP Report.New York State Journal of Medicine 86421–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxton, J. F., Blake, D. A., Fox, J. T., & Johns, M. M. E. (2000). The evolving academic health center: strategies and priorities at Emory University.Journal of the American Medical Association 283(18), 2434–2436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sclnick, P. (1957).Leadership in administration:Asociological interpretation.Evanston: Peterson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, P. L., Heath, C. J., & Egan, A. G. (1994).The art of the possible: Ideas from a traditional medical school engaged in curricular reform.Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Science (1993).Medical Research: Alternative Views.Letter to the Editor from R. Lamm. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 262, December 3: 1497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Science (1998). News Report. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 285, June 26: 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Science (2000) Pedagogy First, Technology Later. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 287, January 28: 543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Science (2000) Free Online University? American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 287, March 24: 2111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P. M. (1990).The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization.New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahabudin, S. H.&Safiah, N. (1991). Managing the initial period of implementation of educational change.Medical Teacher 13(3), 205–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A. (1957).Administrative behavior.New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smye, M. (1993).You don’t change a company by memo.Toronto: Key Porter.

    Google Scholar 

  • http://www-aviso.cls.fr/html/applications/niveau/global_regional_uk.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, G. A. (1979).Strategic planning: What every manager must know.New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stelfox, H. T., Chua, G., Rourke, K., & Detsky, A. S. (1998). Conflict of interest in the debate over calcium-channel antagonists.New England Journal of Medicine 338101–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taub, J. (1997). Drive-Thru U. Higher education for people who mean business.New YorkerOctober 20th &27th114–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosteson, D. C., Adelstein, S. J., & Carver, S. T. (Eds.). (1994).New pathways to medical education: Learning to learn at Harvard Medical School.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequences in small groups.Psychological Bulletin63, 384–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weldon, V. V. (1987). Why the dinosaurs died: Extinction or evolution?Journal of Medical Education62(February), 109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins, A. (1989).Developing corporate character.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, A., Fraser, R., McKinley, R. R., Preston-Whyte, E., & Wynn, A. (1996). Undergraduate teaching in the community: can general practice deliver?British Journal of General Practice 46457–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M. (1979). The status of women in medicine: background data. Paper presented at the Mary E. Garrett Symposium at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, October 9–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, C. A., Cohen, M. L., & Ferrier, B. M. (1990). Career interruptions and hours practiced: comparison between young men and women physicians.Canadian Journal of Public Health 8116–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1996).Integration of health care delivery.WHO Technical Report Series #861. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoeller, J. (1999). Rushing the net.American Druggist2/6(3), 50–55.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Curry, L. (2002). Achieving Large-Scale Change in Medical Education. In: Norman, G.R., et al. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0462-6_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0462-6_39

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3904-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0462-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics