Summary
In this chapter we explore the contentious issues related to governance of the medical school curriculum. Within the United States, over more than 50 years, various commissions have issued recommendations regarding curricular governance, while others have attempted to clarify various aspects of curriculum management, including defined roles of students, faculty, and school administrators. We draw heavily from these documents. We also examine the significant external influence that accrediting bodies have exerted on medical school curricular governance structures. We document the methods for, and the importance of selecting faculty leaders for educational management roles and the necessity of rewards for faculty participating in curricular oversight. The chapter concludes with a synthesis and set of recommendations regarding the principles of curricular governance that are most likely to lead to efficient and effective leadership of the educational program for the M.D. degree.
As with any review of this type, we issue several caveats. Our review of the literature on curriculum governance revealed that most of the information in this area comes from medical schools within the United States and Canada; thus, the chapter has a distinctly “North American bias”. Although some if not all of the to other settings, this cannot be observations and principles may be applied assured. Also, even within the medical schools in the United States and Canada, there are vast differences in history, culture, organization and priorities. These differences limit the generalizability of any review of this type. Finally, although it has been recommended on several occasions that, as a part of medical education governance, the medical school should control graduate medical education, this chapter addresses only undergraduate medical education.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arana, G. W., & McCurdy, L. (1995). Realigning the values of academic health centers: the role of innovative faculty management. Academic Medicine, 70(12), 1073–1078.
Association of American Medical Colleges. (1992). ACME-TRI Report: Educating medical students. Washington, D.C.
Beatty, J. (1998). The world according to Peter Drucker. New York: Free Press.
Bennis, W. (1993). An invented life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Bland, C. J., & Halloway, R. L. (1995). A crisis of mission: faculty roles and rewards in an era of health-care reform. Change, September/October 1995, 30–35.
Bloom, S. W. (1988). Structure and ideology in medical education: an analysis of resistance to change. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 294–306.
Bloom S. W. (1989). The medical school as a social organization: the sources of resistance to change. Medical Education, 23(3), 228–241.
Bloom, S. W. (1995). The place of science of the health professions. Medical Education, 29 (Supplement 1), 76–78.
Bouhuijs, P. (1990). Organization and educational innovation. In C. Van der Vleuten & W. Wijnen (Eds.), Problem-based learning: perspectives from the Maastricht experience (pp. 9–15). Amsterdam: Thesis Publication.
Broomfield, D., & Bligh, J. (1997). Curriculum change: the importance of team role. Medical Education, 31(2), 109–114.
Bucher, R. (1970). Social process and power in a medical school. In M. N. Zold (Ed.), Power in organization (pp. 3–47). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt Press.
Burg, F. D., McMichael, H., & Stemmler, E. J. (1986). Managing medical education at the University of Pennsylvania. Journal of Medical Education, 61(9), 714–720.
Bussigel, M. N., Baransky, B. M., & Grenholm, G. G. (1988). Innovative processes in medical education. New York: Praeger.
Cantor, J. C., Cohen, A. B., Barker, D. C., Shuster, A. L., & Reynolds, R. C. (1991). Medical educators’ views on medical education reform. Journal of the American Medical Association, 265(8), 1002–1006.
Christakis, N. A. (1995). The similarity and frequency of proposals to reform US medical education: constant concerns. Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(9), 706–711.
Cohen, J., Dannefer, E. F., Seidel, H. M., Weisman, C. S., Wexler, P., Brown, T. M., Brieger, G. H., Margolis, S., Ross, L. R., & Kunitz, S. J. (1994). Medical education change: a detailed study of six medical schools. Medical Education, 28(5), 350–360.
Conner, D. R. (1993). Managing at the speed of change: how resilient managers succeed and prosper where others fail. New York: Villard Books.
Cuban, L. (1997). Change without reform: The case of Stanford University School of Medicine, 1908–1990. American Educational Research Journal, 34(1), 83–122.
Davis, W. K., & White, B. A. (1993). Centralized decision making in management of the curriculum at the University of Michigan Medical School. Academic Medicine, 68(5), 333–335.
Daugherty, R. M., Jr. (1998). Leading among leaders: the dean in today’s medical school. Academic Medicine, 73(6), 649–653.
Deitrick, J. E., & Berson, R. (1953). Medical schools in the United States at mid-century. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Enarson, C., & Burg, F. D. (1992). An overview of reform initiatives in medical education, 1906 through 1992. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268(9), 1141–1143.
Gastel, B., & Rogers, D. (1989). Clinical education and the doctor of tomorrow. New York: Josiah Macy Foundation.
Graham, R., & Royer, J. (Eds.) (1972). A handbook for change. Philadelphia, PA: W. M. Fell Co.
Halvorsen, J. G. (1998). Motivating change: a missiological model leditoriall. Family Medicine, 30(5), 378–382.
Hendricson, W. D., Katz, M. S., & Hoy, L. J. (1987). Question on philosophy, organization and function of medical school curriculum committees. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Research in Medical Education, 26, 185–190.
Hendricson, W. D., Payer, A. F., Rogers, L. P., & Markus, J. F. (1993). The medical school curriculum committee revisited. Academic Medicine. 68(3), 183–189.
Hunt, B. J., Grover, P. L., & Holtzapple, P. G. (1986). New directions for organizing structural curriculum reform. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Research in Medical Education, 25, 77–82.
Huppatz, C. (1996). The essential role of the student in curriculum planning. Medical Education, 30(1), 9–13.
Kassebaum, D. G., Cutler, E. R., & Eaglen, R. H. (1997). The influence of accreditation on educational change in U.S. medical schools. Academic Medicine, 72(12), 1127–1133.
Kassebaum, D. G., Eaglen, R. H., & Cutler, E. R. (1997). The meaning and application of medical accreditation standards. Academic Medicine, 72(9), 808–818.
Kaufman, A. (1998). Leadership and governance. Academic Medicine, 73(9 supplement), S11–S15.
Lanphear, J. H., & Cardiff, R. D. (1987). Faculty development: an essential consideration in curriculum change. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 111(5), 487–491.
Liaison Committee on Medical Education. (1997). Functions and structure of a medical school. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges and Chicago, IL: American Medical Association.
Lowry, S. (1993). Making change happen. British Medical Journal, 306(6873), 320–322.
Marston, R. Q., & Jones, R. M. (Eds.) (1992). Medical education in transition. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Millis, J. S. (1966). The graduate education of physicians. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association. Neufeld, V., & Barrows, H. (1974). The McMaster philosophy: an approach to medical education. Journal of Medical Education, 49, 1040–1050.
Nieman, L., Donoghue, G., Ross, L., & Morahan, P. (1997). Implementing a comprehensive approach to managing faculty roles, rewards, and development in an era of change. Academic Medicine, 72(6), 496–504.
Project Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician (1984). Physicians for the Twenty-First Century: the GPEP Report. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Medical Colleges.
Reiser, S. J. (1995). Linking excellence in teaching to departments’ budgets. Academic Medicine, 70(4), 272–275.
Reynolds, C. F., Adler, S., Kanter, S. L., Horn, J. P., Harvey, J., & Bernier, G. M. (1995). The undergraduate medical curriculum: centralized versus departmentalized. Academic Medicine, 70(8), 671–675.
Rollins, L. K., Lynch, D. C., Owen, J. A., Shipengrover, J. A., Peel, M. E., & Chakravarthi, S. (1999). Moving from policy to practice in curriculum change at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, the East Carolina University School of Medicine, and SUNY — Buffalo School of Medicine. Academic Medicine, 74(1), S104–S111.
Shope, T. (1989). Student-initiated analysis and change of a medical school curriculum. Academic Medicine, 64(6), 300–301.
Shugars, D. A., O’Neil, E. H., & Bader, J. D. (1991). Healthy America: Practitioners for 2005: an agenda for action for U.S. health professional schools. Durham, NC: Pew Health Professions Commission, 1991.
Weiskotten, H. G., Schwitalia, A. M., Cutter, W. D., & Anderson, H. H. (1940). Medical education in the United States, 1934–1939. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Davis, W.K., White, C.B. (2002). Managing the Curriculum and Managing Change. In: Norman, G.R., et al. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0462-6_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0462-6_34
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3904-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0462-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive