Abstract
Throughout the world, air pollution science has been important in defining and characterizing the air pollution problem and the health risks it imposes. Air pollution by sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ozone, and particulates has been linked unequivocally to anthropogenic emissions. Air pollution science has also played a central role in evaluating the extent to which various control actions might reduce ambient exposures, despite the fact that uncertainties in relating emissions at sources and concentrations at receptors are often significant. In the 1980s, for example, modeling studies of ozone formation in the US suggested that controls on VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions would be sufficient to reduce concentrations of ozone. Because VOC controls were thought to be inexpensive, they were emphasized at that time(NRC, 1991).
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Notes
These data are shared electronically via the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) through the US National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Surface meteorological measurements for Mexico City and other locations in Mexico can be found under CLIMVIS (the climate visualization software) at the NCDC site. Data from the atmospheric soundings can also be obtained from the Mexican National Meteorology Service (SMN).
Hourly IMECA values for criteria pollutants can be obtained from http://www.sima.com.mx/sima/df/index.html. Historical RAMA measurements can be viewed on maps of Mexico City at http://itzamna.imp.mx/index/index.html for any one-hour period during the period of measurements (with a delay of about three months). Measured winds at some monitoring sites can also be overlaid on these maps, but caution should be used because these surface winds may not be representative of the transport wind flows. These systems for presenting the data visually on the web are intended for diffusion to the public, only showing one hour at a time, and are not useful for obtaining data for scientific analysis. Researchers can get access to raw data through government agencies.
The principal investigators were Darrel Baumgardner and Greg Kok (NCAR), and Graciela Raga (UNAM). Details can be found at: http://raf.atd.ucar.edu/~darrel/azteca/azteca.html.
description of the FEAT measurements and raw data from many field campaigns can be found at www.Feat.biochem.du.edu.
A review of early emissions inventory programs is given in the MARI report (LANL/IMP, 1994) on p. 92 and 115 of Volume III.
Daily volcanic activity can be found at http://www.cenapred.unam.mx.
This report is dated November 1997 and can be found at: http://www.unfccc.de/resource/docs/natc/mexncl.pdf, http://www.ine.gob.mx/ucci/cam_clima/index.html.
The PROAIRE emissions inventory (DDF et al, 1996) had a ratio of 8:1, but that included an increase of vehicular VOC emissions by a factor of 3.3. Removing this correction, the estimated ratio is 5:1. (See Section 4.1.)
Details on how the contingency plans are implemented can be found at www.sima.com.mx/sima/df/, and www.secretaria.gob.mx/secretarias/sma/index. html.
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© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Molina, M.J. et al. (2002). Air Pollution Science in the MCMA: Understanding Source-Receptor Relationships through Emissions Inventories, Measurements, and Modeling. In: Molina, L.T., Molina, M.J. (eds) Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity. Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0454-1_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0454-1_5
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