Skip to main content

Foundations for a Theory of Contextors

  • Chapter

Abstract

This article proposes an operational definition of the notion of context for the design and development of context-sensitive systems. Our definition draws upon the distinction between the notion of an instant snapshot of observables (a situation) and the composition of these observables over time (a context). Observables and their relationships, which are elicited at the design stage of the development process, can be mapped, at the implementation phase, as colonies of contextors. A contextor is a software abstraction that models relationships between observables. Contextors share a common I/O structure including control channels and meta-data to ensure and express QoS (e.g., precision, stability), as well as common properties such as reflexivity and rema-nence. They can be combined as oriented graphs or encapsulated into higher computational units.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abowd, G., Towards a Better Understanding of Context and Context-Awareness, in G. Szwillus and T. Turner (eds), Workshop on The What, Who, Where, When, Why and How of Context-Awareness, Extended Abstract of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI’2000 (The Hague, 1–6 April 2000), ACM Press, New York, 2000, pp. 371.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bardram, J.E., Plans as Situated Action: An Activity Theory Approach to Workflow Systems, in Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW’97 Conference (Lancaster, 7–11 September 1997), Kluwer Academics Pub., Dordrecht, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Beyer, H. and Holtzblatt, K., Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems, Morgan Kaufman Publ., San Francisco, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brown, P.J., Bovey, J.D., and Chen, X., Context-Aware applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace, IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 4, No. 5, 1997, pp. 58–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Calvary, G., Coutaz, J., and Thevenin. D., A Unifying Reference Framework for the Development of Plastic User Interfaces, in M.R. Little and L. Nigay (eds.), Proc. of IFIP WG2.7 (13.2) Working Conference on Engineering the User Interfaces EHCI’01 (Toronto, May 2001), Springer-Verlag Berlin, LNCS, Vol. 2254, 2001, pp. 173–192.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Calvary, G., Coutaz, J., and Thevenin, D., Supporting Context Changes for Plastic User Interfaces: a Process and a Mechanism, in A. Blandford, J. Vanderdonckt, and P. Gray (eds.), Proc. of HCI-IHM 2001, Springer-Verlag, London, 2001, pp. 349–363.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cheverst, K., Davies, N., Mitchell, K., Efstratiou, C., Using context as a Crystal Ball: Rewards and Pitfalls, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2001, pp. 8–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dey, A., Kortuem, G., Morse, D., and Schmidt, A., Situated Interaction and Context aware Computing, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dey, A., Understanding and Using Context, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2001, pp. 4–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fitzmaurice, G.W., Situated Information Spaces and Spatially Aware Palmtop Computers, Communication of the ACM, Vol. 7, No. 36, July 93, pp. 39–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Halverson, C.A., Distributed Cognition as a theoretical framework for HCI: Don’t throw the Baby out with the bathwater - the importance of the cursor in Air Traffic Control, Tech Rep. No. 94–03, Dept. of Cognitive Science, Univ. of California, San Diego, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Harrison, S. and Dourish, P., Re-Place-ing Space: the roles of Place and Spaces in Colaborative Systems, in Proc. of 6th Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work CSCW’96 (Boston, 16–20 November 1996), ACM Press, New York, 1996, pp. 67–76.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nardi, B., Context and Conciousness. Activity Theory and Human Computer Interaction, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Paternò, F., Model-based Design and Evaluation of Interactive Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pascoe, J., Adding Generic Contextual Capabilities to Wearable Computers, in Proc. of the 2nd International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 1998, pp. 92–99

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rey, G., Systèmes Interactifs Sensibles au Contexte. Ecole doctorale de Mathématiques et Informatique, DEA d’Informatique, Systèmes et Communications, Université Joseph Fourier et Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, June 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Salber, D., Dey, A.K., and Abowd, G., The Context Toolkit: Aiding the development of context-enabled Applications, in Proc. of ACM Conf. on Human Aspects in Computing Systems CHF99 (Pittsburgh, 15–20 May 1999), ACM Press, New York, 1999, pp. 434–441.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schilit, B.N., Adams, N.I. and Want, R., Context-Aware Computing Applications, in Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications WMCSA’94 (Santa Cruz, 8–9 December 1994), IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, 1994, pp. 85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schmidt, A., Implicit Human Computer Interaction Through Context, Personal Technologies,Vol. 4, No. 2&3, June 2000, pp.191–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Suchman, L.A., Plans and situated actions. The problem of human-machine communication, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Thevenin, D., Coutaz, J., Plasticity of User Interfaces: Framework and Research Agenda, in A. Sasse and C. Johnson (eds.), Proc. of 7th IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Interact’99 (Edinburgh, 30 August - 3 September 1999), IOS Press Publ., 1999, pp.110–117.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ward, A. Jones, A. Hopper, A New Location Technique for the Active Office. IEEE Personnal Communications, 1997, pp. 42–47.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Weiser, M., The Computer for the 21st century, Scientific American, Vol. 265, No. 3 1991, pp. 94–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Dagstuhl Seminar on Ubiquitous Computing, September 2001, accessible at http://www.inf.ethz.ch/vs/events/dag2001/.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Coutaz, J., Rey, G. (2002). Foundations for a Theory of Contextors. In: Kolski, C., Vanderdonckt, J. (eds) Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces III. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0421-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0421-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3915-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0421-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics