Abstract
The submerged groin arrangement as a shore protection tool examined in detail by means of direct numerical integration by Kafousias et al, 2000, is examined in part I of this paper on the basis of the finite elements dynamic analysis in order to determine its capability to withstand the extreme loading of the 50—year return-wave conditions. The analysis performed using the ANSYS programme shows that the safety co-efficient value of the order of 3.0 is easily attainable under fifty-year return wave characteristics and hence there is no risk of failure in placing such groins in sites with extreme wave climates assumed here. All previous applications have verified this.
In part II, experimental systems of submerged groins, referred to as coastal protection and nourishment systems, or CPNS (patented arrangement), placed in various beaches in Greece, Italy and Egypt and surveyed at regular intervals after placement are reviewed. In all experiments the sites were not nourished and the systems were left to perform their protective and self-nourishment role on the basis of modification of the longshore current pattern. In all cases it was found that the CPNS systems prevented further recession of the shoreline. In one case (the site at Theologos, Rhodes), extensive self-nourishment (natural accretion) of sand was observed. To a lesser extent, accretion of sand was observed in all ten experiments conducted. The sites of the experimental placement of submerged groin systems are at the beaches at 1. Theologos, Rhodes (six-groin system of 40m each), 2. Theologos, Rhodes (ten-groin system of 40m each), 3. Theologos, Rhodes (two-groin system of 40m each), 4. Mytilini, Lesbos (ten-groin system of 40m each), 5. Perama, Lesbos (three-groin system of 40m each), 6. Vatera, Lesbos (nine-groin system of 40m each), 7. Enofyta, Viotia (ten groin system of 40m each), 8. Dilesi, Viotia (ten-groin system of 40m each), 9. Aghia Marina, Viotia (thirteen-groin system of 40m each), 10. Tsoukaleika, Achaia (three-groins of 20m each), 11. Rio, Achaia, (six-groins of 30m each), 12. Loutro, Corinthia (six-groin system of 40m each), 13. Xylocastro, Corinthia (six-groin system of 40m each), 14. Kiato, Corinthia (six-groin system of 40m each), 15. Tolo, Argolida (twenty-eight-groin system of 40m each), 16. Villa San Giovanni, Calabria, Italy (six-groin system of 40m each), and 17. Oasis Resort, Al Suckna (Red Sea), Egypt (twenty-eight groin system of 40m each).
Monitoring of all sites over a period of three years showed that in all cases the presence of the submerged groin systems had no adverse impact in the sense that in no case was shoreline recession observed. To a varying degree, accretion of sand or small size gravel occurred and in one case the accretion of sand was massive. All but one site (case XII) were not nourished. The nourished beach showed impressively stable change. The conclusion permitted by the monitoring results is that placement of groin systems and nourishment constitutes a viable solution to beach rehabilitation and protection.
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Goudas, C.L., Katsiaris, G.A., Labeas, G., Karahalios, G., Pnevmatikos, G. (2003). Soft Protection Using Submerged Groin Arrangements: Dynamic Analysis of System Stability and Review of Application Impacts. In: Goudas, C., Katsiaris, G., May, V., Karambas, T. (eds) Soft Shore Protection. Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0135-9_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0135-9_18
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