Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Type I Protein Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Escherichia Coli α-Hemolysin Secretion

  • Chapter
Protein Secretion Pathways in Bacteria

Abstract

To date, different pathways, denominated type I, type II, type III, etc have been described in Gram-negative bacteria for the translocation of proteins across the two membranes of the cell envelope (Pugsley et al., 1997; Hueck, 1998; Thanassi and Hultgren, 2000; Christie and Vogel, 2000). In addition these pathways, other mechanisms of protein translocation across the cell envelope have been described (see other chapters), which have not been given a type number or for which the type number is still on debate. Some secretion pathways, for instance the type II pathway, are dependent of the so-called general secretory pathway (GSP), whereas other pathways, for instance the type I and type III secretion systems, are independent of the general secretory pathway (GSP, Pugsley, 1993; Pugsley et al., 1997). These latter pathways do not involve amino-terminal processing of the secreted proteins. Furthermore, protein secretion via the latter pathways occurs by a one-step mechanism through a transenvelope channel without the occurrence of periplasmic intermediates. In this chapter the general features of type I protein secretion pathways will be discussed and the mechanism of secretion of α-hemolysin by E. coli will be described in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

9. References

  • Akatsuka, H., Binet, R., Kawai, E., Wandersman, C. and Omori, K. (1997) J Bacteriol 179: 4754–4760.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, C., Hughes, C. and Koronakis, V. (2000) EMBO Reports 1: 313–318.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, E.A., Graves, J.F., Hite, L.A., Parker, C.T. and Schnaitman, C.A. (1990) J Bacteriol 172:5312–5325.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Awram, P. and Smit, J. (1998) J Bacteriol 180: 3062–3069.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, M.J.A., Koronakis, V., Schmoll, T. and Hughes, C. (1992) Mol Microbiol 6: 1003–1012.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, M.J.A., Hughes, C. and Koronakis, V. (1997) Mol Microbiol 26: 845–851.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, T.J., Knutton, S., Sellers, L., Hernandez, H.A., Aitken, A. and Williams, P.H. (1992) Infect Immun 60: 2092–2095.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benz, R., Maier, E. and Gentschev, I. (1993) Zentralbl Bakteriol 278: 187–196.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Billson, F.M., Harbour, C., Michalski, W.P., Tennent, J.M., Egerton, J.R. and Hodgson, J.L. (2000) Infect Immun 68: 3469–3474.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, R., Létoffé, S., Ghigo, J.-M., Delepelaire, P. and Wandersman, C. (1997) Gene 192: 7–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blight, M.A. and Holland, I.B. (1990) Mol Microbiol 4: 873–880.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blight, M.A., Chervaux, C. and Holland, I.B. (1994a) Curr Opin Biotechnol 5: 468–474.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blight, M.A. and Holland, I.B. (1994) Trends Biotechnol 12: 450–455.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blight, M.A., Pimenta, A.L., Lazzaroni, J.C., Dando, C., Kotelevets, L., Seror, S.J. and Holland, I.B. (1994b) Mol Gen Genet 245: 431–440.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, S.K. (2001) Trends Biochem Sci 26: 3–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, L.L. and Lo, R.Y. (1992) Infect Immun 60: 2166–2173.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Y.F., Ma, D.P., Shi, J. and Chengappa, M.M. (1993) Infect Immun 61: 2089–2095.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chervaux, C., Sauvonnet, N., Le Clainche, A., Kenny, B., Hung, A.L., Broome-Smith, J.K. and Holland, I.B. (1995) Mol Gen Genet 249: 237–245.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chervaux, C. and Holland, I.B. (1996) J Bacteriol 178: 1232–1236.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, P.J. and Vogel, J.P. (2000) Trends Microbiol. 8: 354–360.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delpelaire, P., Wandersman, C. (1990) J Biol Chem 265: 9083–9089.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delepelaire, P. and Wandersman, C. (1998) EMBO J 17: 936–944.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, M.A., Solbiati, J.O., Chiuchiolo, M.J., Farias, R.N. and Salomon, R.A. (1990) J Bacteriol 181: 1968–1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinh, T., Paulsen, I.T. and Saier, Jr. M.H. (1994) J Bacteriol 176: 3225–3231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobrindt, U., Janke, B., Piechaczek, K., Nagy, G., Ziebuhr, W., Fischer, G., Schierhorn, A., Hecker, M., Blum-Oehler, G. and Hacker, J. (2000) Int J Med Microbiol 290: 307–311.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duong, F., Soscia, C, Lazdunski, A. and Murgier, M. (1994) Mol Microbiol 11: 1117–1126.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duong, F., Lazdunski, A. and Murgier M. (1996) Mol Microbiol 21: 459–470.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duong, F., Bonnet, E., Geli, V., Lazdunski, A., Murgier, M. and Filloux, A. (2001) Gene 262: 147–153.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Economou, A., Hamilton, W.D., Johnston, A.W. and Downie, J.A. (1990) EMBO J 9: 349–354.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fath, M.J., Skvirsky, R.C. and Kolter, R. (1991) J Bacteriol 173: 7549–7556.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felmlee, T., Pellett, S. and Welch, R.A. (1985) J Bacteriol 163: 94–105.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fralick, J.A. (1996) J Bacteriol 178: 5803–5805.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, J., Bosse, J.T., Chang, Y. F., Cullen, J. M., Fenwick, B., Gerlach, G.F., Gygi, D., Haesebrouck, F., Inzana, T.J. and Jansen, R. (1993) J Gen Microbiol 139: 1723–1728.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Hess, J. and Goebel, W. (1990) Mol Gen Genet 222: 211–216.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I. and Goebel, W. (1992a) Mol Gen Genet 232: 40–48.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Sokolovic, Z., Köhler, S., Krohne, G.F., Hof, H., Wagner, J. and Goebel, W. (1992b) Infect. Immun. 60: 5091–5098.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, L., Mollenkopf, H.-J., Sokolovic, Z., Ludwig, A., Tengel, C., Gross, R., Hess, J., Demuth, A. and Goebel, W. (1994) Behring Inst Mitt 95: 57–66.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Sokolovic, Z., Mollenkopf, H.-J., Hess, J., Kaufmann, S.H.E., Kuhn, M., Krohne, G.F. and Goebel, W. (1995) Infect Immun 63: 4202–4205.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Maier, G., Kranig, A. and Goebel, W. (1996a) Mol Gen Genet 252: 266–274.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Mollenkopf, H., Sokolovic, Z., Hess, J., Kaufmann, S.H.E. and Goebel, W. (1996b) Gene 179: 133–140.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Dietrich, G., Mollenkopf, H.-J., Sokolovic, Z., Hess, J., Kaufmann, S.H.E. and Goebel, W. (1997) Behring Inst Mitt 98: 103–113.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Glaser, I., Goebel, W., McKeever, D.J. and Heussler, V. (1998) Infect Immun 66: 2060–2064.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentschev, I., Dietrich, G., Spreng, S., Kolb-Maurer, A., Daniels, J., Hess, J., Kaufmann, S.H. and Goebel, W. (2000) J Biotechnol 83: 19–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghigo, J.M. and Wandersman, C. (1992) Mol Gen Genet 236: 135–144.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghigo, J.M. and Wandersman, C. (1994) J Biol Chem 269: 8979–8985.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilson, L., Mahanty, H.K. and Kolter, R. (1990) EMBO J 9: 3875–3894.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, P., Sakamoto, H., Bellalou, J., Ullmann, A. and Danchin, A. (1998) EMBO J 7: 3997–4004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel, W. and Hedgpeth, J. (1982) J Bacteriol 151: 1290–1298.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Duarte, O.G., Pasetti, M.F., Santiago, A., Sztein, M.B., Hoffman, S.L. and Levine M.M. (2001) Infect Immun 69: 1192–1198.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, L., Baker, K., Kenny, B., Mackman, N., Haigh, R. and Holland, L.B. (1989) J Cell Sci Suppl 11: 45–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guzzo, J., Murgier, M., Filloux, A. and Lazdunski, A. (1990) J Bacteriol 172: 942–948.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guzzo, J., Duong, F., Wandersman, C., Murgier, M. and Lazdunski, A. (1991) Mol Microbiol 5: 447–453.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, J., Hughes, C, Hof, H. and Goebel, W. (1993) Infect Immun 42: 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J., Wels, W., Vogel, M. and Goebel, W. (1986) FEMS Microbiol Lett 34: 1–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J., Gentschev, I., Goebel, W. and Jarchau, T. (1990) Mol Gen Genet 224: 201–208.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J., Gentschev, I., Szalay, G., Ladel, C., Bubert, A., Goebel, W. and Kaufmann, S.H.E. (1995) Infect Immun 63: 2047–2053

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J., Gentschev, I., Miko, D., Welzel, M., Ladel, Ch., Goebel, W. and Kaufmann, S.H.E. (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1458–1463.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J., Dietrich, G., Gentschev, I., Miko, D., Goebel, W. and Kaufmann, S.H.E. (1997) Infect Immun 65: 1286–1292.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J. and Kaufmann, S.H.E. (1999) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 23: 165–173.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, J., Grode, L., Hellwig, J., Gentschev, I., Goebel, W., Ladel, C. and Kaufmann, S.H.E. (2000) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 27: 283–289.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, C.F. (1992) Annu Rev Cell Biol 8: 67–113.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, I.B., Blight, M.A. and Kenny, B. (1990) J Bioenerg Biomem 22: 473–491.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, I.B. and Blight, M.A. (1999) J Mol Biol 293: 381–399.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hueck, C. (1998) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62: 379–433.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hui, D., Morden, C, Zhang, F. and Ling, V. (2000) J Biol Chem 275: 2713–2720.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Issartel, J.P., Koronakis, V. and Hughes, C. (1991) Nature 351: 759–761.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Izadi-Pruneyre, N., Wolff, N., Redeker, V., Wandersman, C., Delepierre, M. and Lecroisey, A. (1992) Eur J Biochem 261: 562–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarchau, T., Chakraborty, T., Garcia, F. and Goebel, W. (1994) Mol Gen Genet 245: 53–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J.M. and Church, G.M. (1999) J Mol Biol 287: 695–715.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai, E., Akatsuka, H., Idei, A., Shibatani, T. and Omori, K. (1998) Mol Microbiol 27: 941–952.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, B., Haigh, R. and Holland, LB. (1991) Mol Microbiol 5: 2557–2568.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, B., Taylor, S. and Holland, LB. (1992) Mol Microbiol 6: 1477–1489.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, B., Chervaux, C. and Holland, I.B. (1994) Mol Microbiol 11: 99–109.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, I. and Ceglowski, P. (1995) Gene 163: 53–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, S., Hacker, J., Jarchau, T. and Goebel, W. (1986) J Bacteriol 168: 22–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koronakis, V., Cross, M., Senior, B., Koronakis, E. and Hughes, C. (1987) J Bacteriol 169:1509–1515.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koronakis, V., Koronakis, E. and Hughes, C. (1989) EMBO J 8: 595–605.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koronakis, V., Hughes, C. and Koronakis, E. (1993) Mol Microbiol 8:1163–1175.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koronakis, E., Hughes, C, Milisav, I. and Koronakis, V. (1995) Mol Microbiol 16: 87–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koronakis, V., Sharff, A., Koronakis, E, Luisi, B. and Hughes, C. (2000) Nature 405: 914–919.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kraig, E., Dailey, T. and Kolodrubetz, D. (1990) Infect Immun 58: 920–929.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Létoffé, S., Delepelaire, P, and Wandersman, C. (1990) EMBO J 9: 1375–1382.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Létoffé, S., Delepelaire, P. and Wandersman, C. (1991) J Bacteriol 173: 2160–2166.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Létoffé, S. and Wandersman, C. (1992) J Bacteriol 174: 4920–4927.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Létoffé, S., Ghigo, J.M. and Wandersman, C. (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9876–9880.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Létoffé, S., Delepelaire, P. and Wandersman, C. (1996) EMBO J 15: 5804–5811.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Létoffé, S., Redeker, V. and Wandersman, C. (1998) Mol Microbiol 28: 1223–1234.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, K. (2000) CurrBiol 10: 678–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao, CH. and McCallus, D.E. (1998) Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 914–921.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, R.Y.C. and Strahdee, C.A. (1997) Shewen, P.E. Infect Immun 55: 1987–1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, A., Vogel, M. and Goebel, W. (1987) Mol Gen Genet 206: 238–245.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, A., Tengel, C., Bauer, S., Bubert, A., Benz, R., Mollenkopf, H.J. and Goebel, W. (1995) Mol Gen Genet 249: 474–486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, A. and Goebel, W. (1999) In: The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins, Joseph, E. Alouf and John, H. Freer, eds. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lupas, A., Van Dyke, M. and Stock, J. (1991) Science 252:1162–1164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, D., Cook, D.N., Hearst, J.E. and Nikaido, H. (1994) Trends Microbiol 2: 489–493.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masure, H.R., Au, D.C., Gross, M.K., Donovan, M.G. and Storm, D.R. (1990) Biochemistry 29: 140–145.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenkopf, H.-J., Gentschev, I., Bubert, A. and Goebel, W. (1996a) Applied Microbiol Biotechn 45: 629–637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenkopf, H.-J., Gentschev, I. and Goebel, W. (1996b) Biotechniques 21: 854–860.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano, H., Kawakami, Y. and Nishimura, H. (1992) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37: 765–771.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oropeza-Wekerle, R.L., Speth, W., Imhof, B., Gentschev, I. and Goebel, W. (1990) J Bacteriol 172: 3711–3717.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orr, N., Galen, J.E. and Levine, M.M. (1999) Infect Immun 67: 4290–4294.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otsuji, N., Soejima, T., Maki, S. and Shinagawa, H. (1982) Mol Gen Genet 187: 30–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios, J.P., Zaror, I., Martinez, P., Uribe, F., Opazo, P., Socias, T., Gidekel, M. and Venegas, A. (2001) J Bacteriol 183: 1346–1358.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsen, I.T., Park, J.H., Choi, P.S. and Saier, M.H.Jr. (1997) FEMS Microbiol Lett 156: 1–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pilsl, H. and Braun, V. (1995) Mol Microbiol 16: 57–67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pimenta, A., Blight, M, Clarke, D. and Holland, I.B. (1996) Mol Microbiol 19: 643–645.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prada, J. and Beutin, L. (1991) FEMS Microbiol Lett 63:111–114.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pugsley, A.P. (1993) Microbiol Rev 57: 50–108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pugsley, A.P., Francetic, O., Possot, O.M., Sauvonnet, N. and Hardie, K.R. (1997) Gene 192: 13–19.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, E.T., Butterton, J.R., Smith, R.N., Carroll, P.A., Crean, T.I. and Calderwood, S.B. (1997) Infect Immun 65: 2941–2949.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saurin, W., Hofnung, M. and Dassa, E. (1999) J Mol Evol 48: 22–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlör, S., Schmidt, A., Maier, E., Benz, R., Goebel, W. and Gentschev, I. (1997) Mol Gen Genet 256: 306–320.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, H., Beutin, L. and Karch, H. (1995) Infect Immun 63: 1055–1061.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, H., Kernbach, C. and Karch, H. (1996) Microbiology 142: 907–914.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schülein, R., Gentschev, I., Mollenkopf, H.-J. and Goebel, W. (1992) Mol Gen Genet 234:155–163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schülein, R., Gentschev, I., Schlör, S., Gross, R. and Goebel, W. (1994) Mol Gen Genet 245: 203–211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sebo, P. and Ladant, C. (1993) Mol Microbiol 9: 999–1009.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheps, J.A., Cheung, I. and Ling, V. (1995) J Biol Chem 270: 14829–14834.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spreng, S., Dietrich, G., Goebel, W. and Gentschev, I. (1999) Mol Microbiol 31: 1596–1598.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spreng, S., Gentschev, I., Goebel, W., Mollenkopf, H., Eck, M., Muller-Hermelink, H.K. and Schmausser, B. (2000a) FEMS Microbiol Lett 186: 251–256.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spreng, S., Gentschev, I., Goebel, W., Weidinger, G., ter Meulen, V. and Niewiesk, S. (2000b) Microbes Infect 2: 1687–1689.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spreng, S., Dietrich, G., Niewiesk, S., ter Meulen, V., Gentschev, I. and Goebel, W. (2000c) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 27: 299–304.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thanabalu, T., Koronakis, E., Hughes, C. and Koronakis, V. (1998) EMBO J 17: 6487–6496.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thanassi, D.G. and Hultgren, S.J. (2000) Curr Opin Cell Biol 12: 420–430.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S.A., Wang, L.L. and Sparling, P.F. (1993) Mol Microbiol 9: 85–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tzschaschel, B.D., Guzman, CA., Timmis, K.N. and de Lorenzo, V. (1996a) Nat Biotechnol 14: 765–769.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tzschaschel, B.D., Klee, S.R., de Lorenzo, V., Timmis, K.N. and Guzman, C.A. (1996b) Microb Pathog 21: 277–288.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Belkum, M.J., Worobo, R.W. and Stiles, M.E. (1997) Mol Microbiol 23: 1293–1301.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, M., Hess, J., Then, I., Juarez, A. and Goebel, W. (1988) Mol Gen Genet 212: 76–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, W., Vogel, M. and Goebel, W. (1983) J Bacteriol 154: 200–2010.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wandersman, C, Delepelaire, P., Létoffé, S., Schwartz, M. (1987) J Bacteriol 169: 5046–5053.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wandersman, C. and Delepelaire, P. (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 4776–4780.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wandersman, C. and Letoffe, S. (1993) Mol Microbiol 7:141–150.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wandersman, C. (1996) In: Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Cellular and molecular biology. Frederick C. Neidhardt, ed. ASM Press. Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R., Seror, S.J., Blight, M.A., Pratt, J.M., Broome-Smith, J.K and Holland, I.B. (1991) J Mol Biol 217:441–454.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wassif, C., Cheek, D. and Belas, R. (1995) J Bacteriol 177: 5790–5798.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, A.A. and Hewlett E.L. (1986) Ann Rev Microbiol 40: 661–681.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R.A. (1987) Infect Immun 55: 2183–2190.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R.A. and Pellett, S. (1988) J Bacteriol 170: 1622–1630.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, A.R. (1995) In: Virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens. Richard A. Roth, ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, N., Delepelaire, P., Ghigo, J.M. and Delepierre, M. (1997) Eur J Biochem 243: 400–407.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, N., Ghigo, J.M., Delepelaire, P., Wandersman, C. and Delepierre, M. (1994) Biochemistry 33: 6792–6801.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanaka, H., Nomura, T., Fujii, Y. and Okamoto, K. (1998) Microb Pathog 25:111–120.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, Y., Zhang, F., Ling, V. and Arrowsmith, C.H. (1995) FEBS Lett 366: 1–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. and Holland, I.B. (1995) Biochim Biophys Acta 1461: 177–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zgurskaya, H.I. and Nikaido, H. (1999) J Mol Biol 285: 409–420.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zgurskaya, H..L. and Nikaido, H. (2000) Mol Microbiol 37: 219–225.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, F., Greig, D.I. and Ling, V. (1993a) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 4211–4215.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, F., Sheps, J.A. and Ling, V. (1993b) J Biol Chem 268: 19889–19895.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, F., Yin, Y., Arrowsmith, C.H. and Ling, V. (1995) Biochemistry 34:4193–4201.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Ivaylo Gentschev & Werner Goebel

Authors
  1. Ivaylo Gentschev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Werner Goebel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Bauke Oudega

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gentschev, I., Goebel, W. (2003). Type I Protein Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Escherichia Coli α-Hemolysin Secretion. In: Oudega, B. (eds) Protein Secretion Pathways in Bacteria. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0095-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0095-6_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3974-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0095-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation