Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria export many different proteins to their cell surface. The proteins remain anchored to the cell surface, are assembled into cell-surface organelles, or are secreted into the extracellular environment. Protein secretion is necessary for a variety of reasons, including nutrient acquisition, for the expression of proteinaceous virulence factors and for organelle biogenesis. Secretion in Gram-negative bacteria is complicated by the fact that proteins have to cross the periplasm as well as the outer membrane (OM), in addition to the inner membrane (IM). In this chapter secretion is defined as any process in which a protein crosses the OM barrier. The autotransporter secretion pathway sometimes referred to as the type V secretion pathway (Henderson et al., 2000). is a highly efficient route. The pathway was first described for the immunoglobulin Al protease (IgAl protease) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Pohlner et al., 1987) and at this moment the pathway has been identified for an increasing number of proteins and in an increasing number of pathogens (Henderson and Nataro, 2001) (Table 1).
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Otto, B.R. (2003). Autotransporters. In: Oudega, B. (eds) Protein Secretion Pathways in Bacteria. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0095-6_10
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