Skip to main content
Book cover

ECSCW 2003 pp 159–178Cite as

System Guidelines for Co-located, Collaborative Work on a Tabletop Display

  • Conference paper

Abstract

Collaborative interactions with many existing digital tabletop systems lack the fluidity of collaborating around a table using traditional media. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current state-of-the-art in digital tabletop systems research, targeted at discovering how user requirements for collaboration are currently being met and uncovering areas requiring further development. By considering research on tabletop displays, collaboration, and communication, several design guidelines for effective co-located collaboration around a tabletop display emerged. These guidelines suggest that technology must support: (1) natural interpersonal interaction, (2) transitions between activities, (3) transitions between personal and group work, (4) transitions between tabletop collaboration and external work, (5) the use of physical objects, (6) accessing shared physical and digital objects, (7) flexible user arrangements, and (8) simultaneous user interactions. The critical analysis also revealed several important directions for future research, including: standardization of methods to evaluate co-located collaboration; comparative studies to determine the impact of existing system configurations on collaboration; and creation of a taxonomy of collaborative tasks to help determine which tasks and activities are suitable for tabletop collaboration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aiello, J.R. (1987). Human Spatial Behavior. In D. Stokols & I. Altman (eds.): Handbook of Environmental Psychology, vol. 1, Toronto, ON: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 389–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agrawala, M., Beers, A.C., Fröhlich, B., Hanrahan, P., MacDowall, I., and Bolas, M. (1997). The Two-User Responsive Workbench: Support for Collaboration through Individual Views of a Shared Space. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH)’ 97, pp. 327–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arias, E.G., Eden, H., and Fischer, G. (1997). Enhancing Communication, Facilitating Shared Understanding, and Creating Better Artifacts by Integrating Physical and Computational Media for Design. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS)’ 97, pp. 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arias, E.G., Eden, H., Fischer, G., Gorman, A., and Scharff, E. (1999). Beyond Access: Informed Participation and Empowerment. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)’99, pp. 20–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekker, M.M., Olson, J.S., and Olson, G.M. (1995). Analysis of gestures in face-to-face design teams provides guidance for how to use groupware in design. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS)’ 95, pp. 157–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bly, S.A. (1988). A Use of Drawing Surfaces in Different Collaborative Settings. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)’ 88, pp. 250–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bier, E.A., & Freeman, S. (1991). MMM: A User Interface Architecture for Shared Editors on a Single Screen. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software Technology (UIST)’ 91, pp.19–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, L.J., Bennett, M.J., Fujioke, E., & Tanimoto, S.L. (1999). Colt: A System for Developing Software that Supports Synchronous Collaborative Activities. In Proceedings of Educational Media (EdMedia)’ 99, pp. 587–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxton, W., Fitzmaurice, G.W., Balakrishnan, R., and Kurtenbach, G. (2000). Large Displays in Automotive Design. In IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 20(4), pp. 68–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carletta, J., Isard, A., Isard, S., Kowtko, J.C., Doherty-Sneddon, G., & Anderson, A.H. (1997). The reliability of a dialogue structure coding scheme. In Computational Linguistics, 23, pp. 13–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, A. & Greenberg, S. (1996). Children’s Collaboration Styles in a Newtonian Microworld. In Conference Companion of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 96, pp. 181–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, L.D., Fröhlich, B., and Hanrahan, P. (1997). Two-Handed Direct Manipulation on the Responsive Workbench. In Proceedings 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics. pp. 107–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deitz, P. and Leigh, D. (2001). DiamondTouch: A Multi-User Touch Technology. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (VIST) 2000, pp. 219–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eden, H., Hornecker, E., and Scharff, E. (2002). Multilevel Design and Role Play: Experiences in Assessing Support for Neighborhood Participation in Design. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) 2002, pp. 387–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elwart-Keys, M., Halonen, D., Horton, M., Kass, R., and Scott, P. (1990). User Interface Requirements for Face to Face Groupware. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 90, pp. 295–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzmaurice, G.W., Ishii, H., and Buxton, W. (1995). Bricks: Laying the Foundations for Graspable User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 95. pp. 442–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzmaurice, G.W., Balakrishan, R., Kurtenbach, G., and Buxton, B. (1999). An Exploration into Supporting Artwork Orientation in the User Interface. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 99, pp. 167–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fjeld, M., Voorhorst, F., Bichsel, M., Krueger, H., and Rauterberg, M. (2000). Navigation Methods for an Augmented Reality System. In Extended Abstracts of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 00, pp. 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, A., Johanson, B., Hanrahan, P., and Winograd, T. (2000). Integrating Information Appliances into an Interactive Workspace. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 20(4), pp. 54–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gale, C. (1998). ‘The Effects of Gaze Awareness on Dialogue in a Video-Based Collaborative Manipulative Task,’ in Conference Summary of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 98, pp.345–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, K.D., Graham, A., Nguyen, T., Paepcke, A. and Winograd, T. (2003). Beyond the Shoe Box: Foundations for Flexibly Organizing Photographs on a Computer. Submitted for Publication. http://dbpubs.stanford.edu:8090/pub/2003-3.

  • Grant, K.D. and Winograd, T. (2002). Flexible, Collaborative Organization on a Tabletop. In CSCW2002 Workshop on Co-located Tabletop Collaboration: Technologies and Directions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutwin, C., & Greenberg, S. (2000). The Mechanics of Collaboration: Developing Low Cost Usability Evaluation Methods for Shared Workspaces. In IEEE 9th International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE’00).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutwin, C., Greenberg, S., and Roseman, M. (1996). Workspace Awareness in Real-time Distributed Groupware: Framework, Widgets, & Evaluation. In Proceedings of the HCI’ 96, pp. 281–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E.T. (1966). Distances in Man: The Hidden Dimension. Double Day, Garden City, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E.T. (1974). Proxemics. In S. Weitz (ed.), Nonverbal Communication: Readings with Commentary, Oxford University Press, Toronto, ON.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, M.S. (2001). A Feed Forward Neural Network for Determining a User’s Location. Simon Fraser University Technical Report TR 2001-2. December, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkpen, K., Booth, K.S., Klawe, M., Upitis, R. (1995). Playing together beats playing apart, especially for girls. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)’ 95, pp. 177–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, H. Wisneski, C., Orbanes, J., Chun, B., and Paradiso., J. (1999). PingPongPlus: Design of an Athletic-Tangible Interface for Computer-Supported Cooperative Play. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 99, pp. 394–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, B., Hutchins, G., Winograd, T., Stone, M. (2002). PointRight: Experience with Flexible Input Redirection in Interactive Workspaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (IJIST) 2002, pp. 227–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemmer, S.R., Newman, M., Farrell, F., Meza, R., and Landay, J.A. (2000). A Tangible Difference: Participatory Design Studies Informing a Designers’ Outpost. In CSCW2000 Workshop on Shared Environments to Support Face-to-Face Collaboration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koike, H., Sato, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Tobita, H., and Kobayashi, M. (2000). Interactive Textbook and Interactive Venn Diagram: Natural and Intuitive Interfaces on Augmented Desk System. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2000, pp. 121–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruger, R., & Carpendale, M.S.T. (2002). Orientation and Gesture on Horizontal Displays. UbiCOMP 2002 Workshop on Collaboration with Interactive Walls and Tables.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyffm, S., Living Memory Project Brochure, Philips Design. (2000). http://www.design.philips.com/lime/download/brochure.pdf

  • Leibe, B., Starner, T., Ribarsky, W., Wartell, T, Krum, D., Singletary, B., and Hodges L. (2000). The Perceptive Workbench: Towards Spontaneous and Natural Interaction in Semi-Immersive Virtual Environments. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality 2000. pp. 13–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luff, P., Heath, C., and Greatbatch, D. (1992). Tasks-in-Interaction: Paper and Screen Based Documentation in Collaborative Activity. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work(CSCW)’ 92, pp. 163–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, W., Velay, G., Carter, K., Ma, C., and Pagani, D. (1993). Augmenting Reality: Adding Computational Dimensions to Paper, In Communications of the ACM 36(7), pp. 96–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandryk, R.L., Maranan, D.S., and Inkpen, K.M. (2002). False Prophets: Exploring Hybrid Board/Video Games. In Extended Abstracts of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2002. pp. 640–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandviwalla, M. and Olfman, L. (1994). What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements. In A CM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(3), pp. 245–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, G.M., Olson, J.S., Carter, M., & Storrøsten, M. (1992). Small group design meetings: An analysis of collaboration. In Human-Computer Interaction, 7, pp. 347–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omojola, O., Post, E.R., Hancher, M.D., Maguire, Y., Pappu, R., Schoner, B., Russo, P.R., Gershenfeld, N., and Fletcher, R. (2000). An Installation of Interactive Furniture. In IBM Systems Journal, 39(3/4) pp. 861–879.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patten, J., Ishii, H., Hines, J., and Pangaro, G. (2001). A wireless object tracking platform for tangible user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2001. pp. 253–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauterberg, M., Bichsel, M., Leonhardt, U., and Meier, M. (1997). BUILD-IT: a computer vision-based interaction technique of a planning tool for construction and design. In Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT)’ 97. pp. 587–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rekimoto, J. and Saitoh, M. (1999). Augmented Surfaces: A Spatially Continuous Work Space for Hybrid Computing Environments. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 99, pp. 378–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rekimoto, J., Ullmer, B., and Oba, H. (2001). DataTiles: a modular platform for mixed physical and graphical interactions. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2001, pp. 269–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rekimoto, J. (2002). SmartSkin: An infrastructure for freehand manipulation on interactive surfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2002, pp. 113–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, S.D., Lesh, N., and Klau, G.W. (2002). Investigating human-computer optimization. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2002, pp. 155–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, S., Grant, K., Carpendale, S., Inkpen, K., Mandryk, R., & Winograd, T. (2002). Co-located Tabletop Collaboration: Technologies and Directions. Workshop at CSCW2002 (In Extended Abstracts of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)’ 02, p. 21.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, S.D., Mandryk, R.L., & Inkpen, K.M. (2003). Understanding Children’s Collaborative Interactions in Shared Environments. In Journal of Computer-Aided Learning. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, C., Lesh, N., Vernier, F., Forlines, C., & Frost, J. (2002), Sharing and Building Digital Group Histories. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 2002, pp. 324–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, R. (1969). Personal space: The behaviour basis of design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ståhl, O., Wallberg, A., Sderberg, J., Humble, J., Fahln, L.E., Lundberg, J., Bullock, A. (2002). Information Exploration Using the Pond. In Proceedings of the Conference on Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE) 2002, pp. 72–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, J., Bederson, B.B, and Druin, A. (1999). Single Display Groupware: A Model for Co-present Collaboration. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 99, pp. 286–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streitz, N., Prante, T., Mueller-Tomfelde, C., Tandler, P., and Magerkurth, C. (2002). Roomware — The Second Generation. In Extended Abstracts of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2002, pp. 506–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streitz, N.A., Geißler, J., Holmer, T., Konomi, S., Müller-Tomfelde, C., Reischl, W., Rexroth, P., Seitz, P., Steinmetz, R., Steinmetz, R., and Steinmetz, R. (1999). i-LAND: An interactive Landscape for Creativitiy and Innovation. In Proceedings of the the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’ 99, pp. 120–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, H. and Kato, H. (1995). Interaction-Level Support for Collaborative Learning: AlgoBlock — Open Programming Language. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)’ 95, pp. 349–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tandler, P., Prante, T., Müller-Tomfelde, C., Streitz, N., and Steinmetz, R. (2001). ConnecTables: Dynamic Coupling of Displays for the Flexible Creation of Shared Workspaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) 2001, pp. 11–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, J.C. (1991). Findings from observational studies of collaborative work. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 34, pp. 143–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tatar, D.G., Foster, G., and Bobrow, D.G. (1991). Design for Conversation: Lessons from Cognoter. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 34, pp. 185–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J.J. (1973). Beyond Words: nonverbal communication in the classroom. New York: Citation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullmer, B. and Ishii, H. (1997). The metaDESK: Models and prototypes for tangible user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) 1997, pp. 223–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underkoftler, J. and Ishii, H. (1999). Urp: A luminous-tangible workbench for urban planning and design. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 99, pp. 386–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellner, P. (1993). Interacting with Paper on the DigitalDesk. Communications of the ACM, 36(7), pp. 86–96.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Scott, S.D., Grant, K.D., Mandryk, R.L. (2003). System Guidelines for Co-located, Collaborative Work on a Tabletop Display. In: Kuutti, K., Karsten, E.H., Fitzpatrick, G., Dourish, P., Schmidt, K. (eds) ECSCW 2003. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0068-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0068-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3994-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0068-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics