Abstract
A survey is given of the long-term experiments and dosimetric studies, which have been performed during the last 10 years. All data presented refer to female NMRI mice 4 weeks old at the start of the experiment. Their mean spontaneous osteosarcoma incidence is 0.7%. Osteosarcomas of the jaws were excluded from the evaluation or considered separately. The radionuclides were injected intraperitoneally as isotonic solutions.
Dosimetric data for 224Ra (half-life 3.64 days): 1 µCi/kg results in a mean skeletal dose of about 30 rad. The maximum dose rate to the skeleton is 12 rad/day. In case of repeated injections with a time interval of 3.5 days the dose rate per µCi/kg increases by a factor of 1.5.
After single injection of 1 µCi 224Ra/kg up to 50 µCi/kg the osteosarcoma incidence ranges from 7 to 20% without clear mathematical function of dose dependence.
Fractionated application of 224Ra was made by repeated injections every 3.5 days. The maximum osteosarcoma incidences observed in this series were 84% (total mean skeletal dose 2160 rad, maximum dose rate 24 rad/day, treatment period 24 weeks) and 93% (total mean skeletal dose 1080 rad, maximum dose rate 8 rad/day, treatment period 36 weeks; i.e. about 9 months).
Dosimetric data for 227Th (half-life 18.7 days): 1 µCi/kg results in a mean skeletal dose of about 200 rad. The maximum dose rate to the skeleton is 4.7 rad/day, reached about one week after injection. In case of repeated injections with a time interval of 14 days the dose rate per µCi/kg increases by a factor of about 3.0.
After single injection of 227Th the maximum osteosarcoma incidence occurred at a mean skeletal dose level of about 1000-1200 rad and showed a hitherto unexplained variation between about 40 and 60%.
Comparison of the effects of 227Th and its daughter product 223Ra (half-life 11.4 days) at the levels of about 1200 and 2400 rad mean skeletal dose reveals a considerably lower bone tumor risk for 223Ra.
Protracted application of the total dose 1000 rad over 9 months by injection of 0.28 µCi 227Th/kg every two weeks resulted in an osteosarcoma incidence of about 80%.
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Lutz, A., Müller, W.A., Gösner, W., Hug, O. (1978). The Dependence of late effects in mice on the temporal distribution of skeletal α-doses from 224Ra and 227Ra. In: Müller, W.A., Ebert, H.G. (eds) Biological Effects of 224Ra. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9728-8_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9728-8_19
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