Abstract
The amphibian and reptilian fauna of south-eastern Malawi has recently been reviewed by Stevens (1974), who recorded 159 species. His area included great diversity of physiographic regions and an overlap of tropical, transition and temperate faunal elements. Thirteen species of amphibians have been reported to occur on the low plains and waters of the Chilwa area and are listed in the check list (Appendix A).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amphibia
Balinsky, B. I. & Balinsky, J. B. 1954. On the breeding habits of the South African bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus. S. Afr. J. Science 51: 55–58.
Blake, D. K. 1965. The 4th Umtali Museum expedition to Mocambique: November–December, 1964. J. Herp. Assoc. Rhodesia (1965), 23 /24: 31–46.
Grobler J. H. 1972. Observations on the amphibian Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi in Rhodesia. Arnoldia 6 (3): 1–4.
Linden, I. 1971. Development of Leptopelis viridis cinnamoneus (Bocage) with notes on its systematic position. Zool. Africana 6: 237–242.
Loveridge, A. 1950. History and habits of the East African bullfrog. J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. 19: 253: 255.
Loveridge, J. P. 1970. Observations on nitrogenous excretion and water relations of Chiromantis xeramphelina Peters. Arnoldia 5 (1): 1–6.
Mitchell, B. L. 1946. A naturalist in Nyasaland. Nyasaland Agric. Quart. J. 6: 1–47.
Moore, J. A. 1964. Physiology of Amphibia. Academic Press, N.Y. 654 pp.
Pienaar, U.V, Passmore, N. I. & Carruthers, V. C. 1976. The Frogs of the Kruger National
Park. National Parks Board of South Africa, Pretoria. 90 pp.
Poynton, J. C. 1964. Amphibia of the Nyasa-Luangwa region of Africa. Senckenberg. biol. 45 (3/5): 193–225.
Russell, I. J. 1971. Function of the lateral line system in Xenopus. J. exp. Zool. 54: 621–658.
Schiotz, A. 1975. The Tree frogs of Eastern Africa. Steenstrupia, Copenhagen. 232 pp.
Stevens, R. A. 1974. An annotated check list of the amphibians and reptiles known to occur in south-eastern Malawi. Arnoldia 6 (30): 1–22.
Wager, V. A. 1965. The Frogs of South Africa. Purnell and Sons, South Africa. 242 pp.
Reptiles
Bellairs, A. 1969. The Life of Reptiles. Vols. 1 and 2. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 590 pp.
Carr, A. 1968. The Reptiles. Life-Time International. N.Y. 192 pp.
FitzSimmons, V. E. M. 1962. Snakes of Southern Africa. Purnell and Sons, Cape Town. 423 pp.
Gans, C. & Dawson, V. R. 1976. Biology of the Reptiles. Physiology V. 566 pp.
Garson, M. S. 1960. The geology of the Lake Chilwa area. Geol. Survey Dept. Bull. 12. Government Printer, Zomba, Malawi. 67 pp.
Guggisberg, C. A. W. 1972. Crocodiles. David and Charles: Newton Abbot. 203 pp.
Hayes, T. D. 1972. Wild Life Conservation in Malawi. Soc. Malawi J. 25: 22–31.
Howard-Williams, C. 1973. Vegetation and Environment in the Marginal Areas of a Tropical African Lake (Lake Chilwa: Malawi). Ph.D. thesis, University of London. 312 pp.
Packard, P. C., Tracey, C. R. & Roth, J. J. 1977. The physiology and the evolution of viviparity within the class Reptilia. Biol. Rev. 52: 71–105.
Rose, W. 1950. The Reptiles and Amphibians of Southern Africa. Maskew Miller, Cape Town. 240 pp.
Stevens, R. A. 1973. A report of the lowland viper, Atheris superciliaris (Peters), from the Lake Chilwa floodplains of Malawi. Arnoldia 6 (22): 1–22.
Stevens, R. A. 1974. An annotated check list of the amphibians and reptiles known to occur in south-eastern Malawi. Arnoldia 6 (30): 1–22.
Sweeney, R. C. H. 1960. The Chelonia of Nyasaland Protectorate. Nyasaland Soc. J. 13: 35–50.
Sweeney, R. C. H. 1971. Snakes of Nyasaland: with new added corrigenda and addenda. A. Asher and Co., Amsterdam. 200 pp.
Mammals
Baker, C. A. 1961. Nyasaland, the history of its export trade. Nyasaland Soc. J. 15: 7–35.
Bell, R. H. V. 1969. The use of the herb layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti. Symp. Brit. Ecol. Soc. 10: 111–124.
Drummond, H. 1903. Tropical Africa. 11th edn. Hodder and Stoughton, London. 228 pp.
Dudley, C. O. & Stead, D. 1976. Liwonde National Park. I. An Introduction. Nyala 2 (1): 17–28.
Duff, H. L. 1903. Nyasaland Under the Foreign Office. George Bell and Sons, London. 422 pp.
Garson, M. S. 1960. The Geology of the Lake Chilwa area. Geol. Surv. Nyasaland, Bull. 12. Government Printer, Zomba, 67 pp.
Hanney, P. 1965. The Muridae of Malawi. J. Zool. 146: 577–633.
Hayes, G. D. 1972. Wildlife Conservation in Malawi. Soc. Malawi J. 25 (2): 22–31.
Hetherwick, A. 1888. Notes on a Journey from Domasi Missions Station Mt. Zomba to Lake Namaramba. Aug. 1887. Proc. Roy. Geog. Soc. 10: 25–32.
Hobbs, J. 1976. An Ecological Appraisal of Liwonde National Park (Malawi) B.Sc. thesis, North London Polytechnic (unpublished). 120 pp.
Howard-Williams, C. 1973. Vegetation and Environment in the Marginal Areas of a Tropical African Lake (L. Chilwa). Ph.D. thesis, University of London (Unpublished). 312 pp.
Howard-Williams C. 1977. A checklist of the vascular plants of Lake Chilwa, Malawi, with special reference to the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of taxa. Kirkia 2: 563–579.
Jackson, G. 1972. Vegetation of Malawi. In: S. Agnew & M. Stubbs (eds.) Malawi in Maps. Univ. London Press. 38–39.
Johnston, H. H. 1894. Report by Commissioner Johnston of the first three years of administration of the eastern portion of British Central Africa ( Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty) H.M.S.O. London. 43 pp.
Johnston, H. H. 1897. British Central Africa. Methuen and Co., London. 544 pp.
Lyell, D. D. 1912. Nyasaland for the Hunter and Settler. Horace Cox, London. 116 pp.
Lyell, D. D. 1923. Memories of an African Hunter. Fisher Unwin, London. 268 pp.
MacDonald, D. 1882. Africana or the Heart of Heathen Africa, I I. Mission Life. Simpkins
Marshall, London. 371 pp.
Maugham, R. C. F. 1929. Africa as I Have Known It. J. Murray, London. 372 pp.
McLachlan, S. M. 1971. The rate of nutrient release from grass and dung following immersion in lake water. Hydrobiologia 37: 521–530.
McNaughton, S. J. 1978. Ungulates and feeding selectivity influences on the effectiveness of ‘plant defence fields’. Science 199: 806.
Murray, S. S. 1908. A Handbook of Nyasaland. Government Printer, Zomba. 300 pp.
Murray, S. S. 1922. A Handbook of Nyasaland. Government Printer, Zomba. 314 pp.
Murray, S. S. 1932. A Handbook of Nyasaland. Government Printer, Zomba. 310 pp. O’Neill, H. E. 1884. Journey from Mocambique to Lakes Shirwa and Amaramba. Proc. Royal Geog. Soc. 6(ll):632–647; 6 (12): 713–725.
Robertson, O. H. 1960. Trade and suppression of slavery in British Central Africa. Soc. Malawi J. 13 (2): 16 — 21.
Schoffeleers, M. 1972. Animals and clan names cited in G. D. Hayes, 1972.Wildlife Conservation in Malawi. Soc. Malawi J. 25: 22–31.
Stead, D. & Dudley, C. O. 1977. Liwonde National Park. II. The Mammals. Nyala 3 (2): 29–38.
Sutherland, J. 1912. The Adventures of an Elephant Hunter. MacMillan, London. 324 pp.
Sweeney, R. C. H. 1959. A Preliminary Annotated Check List of the Mammals of Nyasaland. Nyasaland Society (Society of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi. 72 pp.
Sweeney, R. C. H. 1965. Notes on some birds seen in the Lake Chilwa Region. Soc. Malawi J. 18 (2): 55–58.
Vaughan, M. 1978. Uncontrolled Animals and Aliens: Colonial Conservation in Malawi. History
Department Seminar Paper, University of Malawi. 16 pp. (unpublished).
Vesey-FitzGerald, D. F. 1969. Utilisation of the habitat of the buffalo in Lake Manyara National Park. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 7: 131–145.
Vesey-FitzGerald, D. F. 1970. The origin and distribution of valley grasslands in East Africa. J. Ecol. 58: 51–75.
Birds
Belcher, C. F. 1930. The Birds of Nyasaland. Technical Press, London.
Benson, C. W. 1953. A checklist of Birds of Nyasaland. Heatherwick Press, Blantyre, Malawi.
Benson, C. S. & Benson F. M. 1977. The Birds of Malawi. Montfort Press, Limbe, Malawi.
Douthwaite, R. J. 1974. The ecology of ducks on the Kafue Flats in Zambia. Bull. Internat. Waterfowl Res. Bull. 38: 80–84.
Douthwaite, R. J. 1977. Filter-feeding ducks of the Kafue flats, Zambia, 1971–1973. Ibis. ( In press. )
Howard-Williams, C. & Walker, B. 1974. The vegetation of a tropical African Lake: Classification and Ordination of the Vegetation at Lake Chilwa. J. Ecol. 62: 831–854.
Moreau, R. E. 1972. The palaearctic–african bird migration systems. Academic Press. London and New York. 384 pp.
Roberts, A. 1940. Birds of South Africa. Fourth Edition. Revised by McLachlan, G. R. & Liversidge, R. 1978. Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town. 660 pp.
Schulten, G. G. M. 1972. A sight record of the Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica at Lake Chilwa (Malawi). Ostrich: New Distribution Data 3. 42: 138.
Schulten, G. G. M. 1974. The food of some duck species occurring at Lake Chilwa, Malawi. Ostrich 45: 224–226.
Schulten, G. G. M. & Harrison, G. 1975. An annotated list of birds recorded at Lake Chilwa (Malawi, Central Africa). Soc. Malawi Journal 28 (2): 6–30.
Sweeney, R. C. H. 1965. Notes on some birds seen in the Lake Chilwa region. Soc. Malawi Journal 18 (l): 55–58.
Ward, P. 1971. The migration patterns of Quelea que lea in Africa. Ibis 113 (3): 275–297.
Watson, R. M., Singh, T. & Parker, I. S. C. 1970. The diet of duck and coot on Lake Naivasha, E. Afr. Wildl. J. 8: 131–141.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers, The Hague
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dudley, C.O., Stead, D.E., Schulten, G.G.M. (1979). Amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds of Chilwa. In: Kalk, M., McLachlan, A.J., Howard-Williams, C. (eds) Lake Chilwa. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9594-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9594-9_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-9596-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-9594-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive