Abstract
Aquatic vegetation is nearby always markedly zoned with up to 8 zones (sensu Sjors 1971). Only in a few cases the macrophyte composition changes more or less continuously. In the latter case it is rather difficult to classify the lakes on a plant community basis including all life-forms, notably helophytes (graminids + herbs), nymphaeids, elodeids, isoetids and lemnids.
Nomenclature follows Lid (1974).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Almquist, E. 1929. Upplands vegetation och flora. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 1: 1–624.
Barkman, J.J. 1978. Synusial approaches to classification. 2nd ed. In: R.H. Whittaker (ed.): Classification of plant communities, p. 111–165. Junk, The Hague.
Blomgren, N. & E. Naumann. 1925. Untersuchungen über die hohere Vegetation des Sees Straken bei Aneboda. Acta Univ. Lund. N.F. Avd. 2. Bd. 21: 6. 51 pp.
Danielsson, M. 1977. Direkta tillampningar av likhetsindex vid vegetationsundersokningar. Institutet for Vattenoch Lufvardsforskning (IVL). Rapport B397. 14 +VIII pp.
Dierssen, K. 1975. Littorelletea uniflorae. Prodromus der europaischen Pflanzengesellschaften, 2, 149 pp. Cramer, Vaduz.
Fresco, L.M.F. 1972. A direct quantitative analysis of vegetational boundaries and gradients. In: Grundfragen und Method en in der Pflanzensoziologie, E. van der Maarel & R. Tüxen (eds.), Ber. Symp. Int. Ver. Vegetationskunde, Rinteln 1970: 99–111. Junk, The Hague.
Gehu, J.-M. 1977. Le concept de sigmassociation et son application a l’etude du paysage vegetal de falaises atlantiques frangaises. Vegetatio 34: 117–125.
Gils, H. van & P. Huits. 1978. Auf zwei Wegen zum Assoziationskomplex. In: R. Tiixen (ed.): Assoziationskomplexe (Sigmeten). Ber. Int. Symp. Rinteln 1977, p. 13–26. Cramer, Vaduz.
Hartog, C. den & S. Segal. 1964. A new classification of the waterplant communities. Acta Bot. Neerl. 13: 367–393.
Howard-Williams, C. & B.H. Walker. 1974. The vegetation of a tropical African lake: Classification and ordination of Lake Chilva (Malawi). J. Ecol. 62: 831–854.
Jensen, S. 1977. An objective method for sampling the macrophyte vegetation in lakes. Vegetatio 33: 107–118.
Jensen, S. 1978. Influences of transformation of cover values on classification and ordination of lake vegetation. Vegetatio 37: 19–31.
Jensen, S. 1979. Classification of lakes in Southern Sweden on the basis of their macrophyte composition by means of multivariate methods. Vegetatio 39: 129–146.
Lance, G.N. & W.T. Williams. 1968. Note on a new information- statistic classification program. Comput. J. 11: 195.
Leeuwen, C.G. 1965. Het verband tussen natuurlijke en anthropogene landschapsvormen, bezien vanuit de betrekkingen in grensmilieu’s. (Engl, summary) Gorteria 2: 93–105.
Lid, J. 1974. Norsk og svensk flora. Det Norske Samlaget. Oslo. 808 pp.
Lillieroth, S. 1950. Uber Folgen kulturbedingter Wasserstandssenkungen fur Makrophyten- und Planktongemeinschaften in seichten Seen des siidschwedischen Oligotrophiegebietes. Acta Limnol. 3. 288 pp.
Luther, H. 1951. Verbreitung und Okologie der hoheren Wasserpflanzen im Brackwasser der Ekenas-Gegend in Siidfinnland. I. Allg. Teil. Acta Bot. Fennica 49:1–332 4- app.
Maarel, E. van der. 1964. Review of J.T. Curtis: The vegetation of Wisconsin. Acta Bot. Neerl. 13: 438–440.
Maarel, E. van der. 1971. Plant species diversity in relation to management. In: A.S. Watt and E. Duffey (eds.), The scientific management of plant and animal communities for conservation pp. 45–63. Blackwell, Oxford.
Maarel, E. van der. 1976. On the establishment of plant community boundaries. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 89: 415–443.
Maarel, E. van der. 1979. Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity. Vegetatio 39: 97–114.
Maarel, E. van der. 1979a. Multivariate methods in phytosociology, with reference to the Netherlands. In: M.J.A. Werger (ed.): The study of vegetation, pp. 161–225. Junk, The Hague.
Maarel, E. van der, J.G.M. Janssen & J.M.W. Louppen. 1978. TABORD, a program for structuring phytosociological tables. Vegetatio 38: 143–156.
Maarel, E. van der & J. Leertouwer. 1967. Variation in vegetation and species diversity along a local environmental gradient. Acta Bot. Neerl. 16: 211–221.
Makirinta, U. 1978. Die Pflanzensoziologische Gliederung der Wasser-vegetation im See Kukkia, Sudfinnland. Acta Univ. Ouluensis, Ser. A, Scient. Rer. Natural. 75. Biologica 5.
Maimer, N. 1962. Studies on mire vegetation in the Archean area of southwestern Gotaland (South Sweden). I. Vegetation and habitat conditions on the Akhultmire. Opera Bot. 7 (1). 322 pp.
Maristo, L. 1941. Die Seetypen Finnlands auf floristischer und vegetationsfysionomischer Grundlage. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. - Bot. Fenn. Vanamo. 15, 5. Helsinki. 314 pp.
Meriaux, J.L. 1978. Etude analytique et comparative de la vegetation aquatique d’etangs et marais du nord de la France (Vallee de la Sensee et Bassin Houillier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais). Documents phytosociologiques. N.S. Vol. II. Lille, Juin 1978.
Meriaux, J.J. & J.M. Gehu. 1978. De l’analyse symphyto-sociologique des complexes de vegetation a celle des vegetation complexes. Example des groupements aquatiques et subaquatiques. In R. Tiixen (ed.): Assoziationskomplexe (Sigmeten), pp. 97-116. (Rinteln 4.–7. 4. 1977 ).
Persson, F. 1969. Makrofytvegetation och litoraltopografi i sjon Trummen. Meddelanden fran Forskargruppen for Sjörestaureringar vid Lunds Universitet, 32: 1–19.
Persson, S. 1977. Data program for bearbetning ar vegetations-data. 1. Klassifikationsprogram-dokumentation och hand-havande. Meddn. Avd. Ekol. Bot. Lunds Univ. 33: 1–68.
Samuelsson, G. 1925. Untersuchungen über die hohere Wasser-flora von Dalarne. Svenska Vaxtsociologiska Sallskapets Handlingar IX. 31 pp.
Scott, J.T. 1974. Correlation of vegetation with environment: a test of the continuum and community-type hypothesis. In: B.R. Strain & W.D. Billings (eds.), Handbook of vegetation science, 6: Vegetation and environment, pp. 87–109. Junk, The Hague.
Seddon, B. 1972. Aquatic macrophytes as limnological indicators. Freshwater Biol. 2: 107–130.
Seibert, P. 1968. Gesellschaftsring und Gesellschaftskomplex in der Landschaftsgliederung. In: R. Tüxen (ed.): Pflanzen-soziologie und Landschaftsokologie. Stolzenau 1963: 48–60. Junk, The Hague.
Sjors, H. 1971. Ekologisk botanik. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 296 pp.
S0rensen, T. 1948. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr. 5 (4): 1–34.
Stumpel, A.H.P. & J.T R. Kalkhoven. 1978. A vegetation map of the Netherlands, based on the relationship between ecotopes and types of potential natural vegetation. Vegetatio 37: 163–173.
Swan, J.M.A. 1970. An examination of some ordination problems by use of simulated data. Ecology 51: 89–102.
Tiixen, R. 1973. Vorschlag zur Aufnahme von Gesellschaft-komplexen in potentiellen natürlichen Vegetationsgebieten. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 379–384.
Tiixen, R. 1978. Bemerkungen zu historischen, begrifflichen und methodischen Grundlagen der Synsoziologie. In: R. Tüxen (ed.): Assoziationskomplexe (Sigmeten). Ber. Int. Symp. Rinteln, p. 3–12. Cramer, Vaduz.
Whittaker, R.H. 1978. Direct gradient analysis, 2nd ed. In: R.H. Whittaker (ed.): Ordination of plant communities, p. 7–50. Junk, The Hague.
Zutshi, D.P. 1975. Associations of macrophytic vegetation in Kashmir lakes. Vegetatio 30: 61–66.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers, The Hague
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jensén, S., van der Maarel, E. (1980). Numerical Approaches to Lake Classification with Special Reference to Macrophyte Communities. In: van der Maarel, E. (eds) Classification and Ordination. Advances in vegetation science, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-9199-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-9197-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive