Abstract
In the outer atmosphere of stars a rise of the kinetic temperature to values above Teff is possible only if a large and persistent amount of mechanical heating is present. Constraints derived from empirical chromosphere models allow selection of important heating mechanisms from among a great number of possible processes. It appears that for non-magnetic regions short period acoustic waves and for magnetic regions Alfvén and slow mode magnetohydrodynamic waves are the dominant mechanisms. For non-magnetic cases new acoustic energy generation rates are reported. Non-magnetic theoretical chromosphere models for the sun and 10 other stars are discussed and compared with observations. Chromospheric heating in early type stars is briefly mentioned.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Artzner, G., Leibacher, J., Vial, J.C., Lemaire, P., Gouttebroze, P.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 224, pp. 83–85.
Athay, R.G., White, O.R.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 226, pp. 1135–1139.
Ayres, T.R.: 1980 preprint.
Basri, G.S., Linsky, J.L.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 234, pp. 1023–1035.
Beckers, J.M.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 203, pp. 739–752.
Bohn, H.U.: 1980, to he published.
Brown, T.M., Harrison, R.L.: 1980, Astrophys. J. Letters, in press.
Brückner, G.E., Bartoe, J.D.F., von Hoosier, M.E.: 1978, in E. Hansen and S. Schaffner eds., Proceedings OSO-8 workshop.
Butz, M., Hirth, W., Fürst, E.: 1979, Astron. Astrophys. 72, pp. 211–214.
Canfield, R.C., Musmann, S.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 184, pp. L131–L136.
Cram, L.E.: 1977, Astron. Astrophys. 59, pp. 151–159.
Cram, L.E., Keil, S.L., Ulmschneider, P.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 234, pp. 768–774.
Deubner, F.: 1974, Solar Physics 39, pp. 31–48.
Deubner, F.: 1976, Astron. Astrophys. 51, pp. 189–194.
Deubner, F.: 1980, Highlights of astronomy 5, pp. 75–87.
Durrant, C.J.: 1979, Astron. Astrophys. 73, pp. 137–150.
Glebocki, R., Stawikowski, A.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys. 68, pp. 69–74.
Golub, L., Maxson, C., Rosner, R., Serio, S., Vaiana, G.S.: 1978, Astrophys. J., in press.
Gough, D.O., Weiss, N.O.: 1976, Monthly Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 176, pp. 589–607.
Habbal, S.R., Leer, E., Holzer, T.E.: 1979, Solar Phys. 64, pp. 287–301.
Hearn, A.G.: 1972, Astron. Astrophys. 19, pp. 417–426.
Hearn, A.G.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 23, pp. 97–103.
Hearn, A.G.: 1976, Physique des mouvements dans les atmosphères stellaires, Colloque intern, du CNRS 250, R. Cayrel and M. Steinberg eds., p. 65.
Ionson, J.A.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 226, pp. 650–673.
Kalkofen, W., Ulmschneider, P.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 227, pp. 655–663.
Kelch, W.L., Linsky, J.L., Worden, S.P.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 229, pp. 700–712.
Kotov, V.A., Severny, A.B., Tsap, T.T.: 1979, Solar Oscillations and the Internal Structure of the Sun, Report USSR Academy of Sciences.
Kuperus, M., Ionson, J.A., Spicer, D.F.: 1980, Annual Rev. Astron. Astrophys., in press.
Kurucz, R.L.: 1974, Solar Physics 34, pp. 17–23.
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., de Loore, C.: 1976, Physique des mouvements dans les atmospheres stellaires, Colloque intern, du CNRS 250, R. Cayrel and M. Steinberg eds., pp. 453–458.
Lighthill, M.J.: 1952, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A 211, pp. 564–587.
Linsky, J.L.: 1980, Proc. of IAU Coll 51, Stellar Turbulence, D.F. Gray, J.L. Linsky eds., Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 248–277.
Linsky, J.L.: 1980, Annual Rev. Astron. Astrophys., in press.
Linsky, J.L., Ayres, T.R.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 220, pp. 619–628.
Praderie, F., Thomas, R.N.: 1976, Solar Phys. 50, pp. 333–342.
Renzini, A., Cacciari, C., Ulmschneider, P., Schmitz, F.: 1977, Astron. Astrophys. 61, pp. 39–45.
Rosner, R., Golub, L., Coppi, B., Vaiana, G.S.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 222, pp. 317–332.
Schmitz, F., Ulmschneider, P.: 1980, Astron. Astrophys., in press.
Somov, B.V., Syrovatskii, S.I.: 1977, Solar Phys. 55, pp. 393–399.
Stein, R.F.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 154, pp. 297–306.
Stein, R.F.: 1980, preprint.
Stein, R.F., Leibacher, J.W.: 1974, Annual Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 12, pp. 407–35.
Stein, R.F., Leibacher, J.W.: 1980, Proc. IAU Coll. 51, Stellar Turbulence, D.F. Gray, J.L. Linsky eds., Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 225–247.
Uchida, Y., Kaburaki, O.: 1974, Solar Phys. 35, pp. 451–466.
Ulmschneider, P.: 1979, Space Sci. Rev. 24, pp. 71–100.
Ulmschneider, P., Schmitz, F., Kalkofen, W., Bohn, H.U.: 1978, Astron. Astophys. 70, pp. 487–500.
Vaiana, G.S. et al.: 1980, preprint.
Vernazza, J.E., Avrett, E.H., Loeser, R.: 1980, Astrophys. J. Suppl., in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 D. Reidel Publishing Company
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ulmschneider, P. (1981). Theories of Heating of Solar and Stellar Chromospheres. In: Bonnet, R.M., Dupree, A.K. (eds) Solar Phenomena in Stars and Stellar Systems. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 68. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8479-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8479-0_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8481-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8479-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive