Abstract
The method of shadow patterns, which also is known under the name ‘shadow spot method’ or ‘method of caustics’, in numerous investigations has proven to be a powerful optical method to measure stress intensity factors in static and dynamic fracture mechanics problems. The technique yields high accuracy of measurement, but is still simple to apply. Besides the usual equipment for (high speed) photography, only a point light source is required. Merely a single, very exactly measurable quantity, a length, is to be evaluated. The method utilizes the information from the stress-strain-field within a small area very close to the crack tip. Any knowledge about external loading and geometric boundary conditions, therefore, is not necessary.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kalthoff, J. F., Beinert, J. and Winkler, S., Measurements of Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors for Fast Running and Arresting Cracks in Double-Cantilever-Beam Specimens, Fast Fracture and Crack Arrest, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 627, pp. 161 – 176 (1977).
Kalthoff, J. F., Beinert, J. and Winkler, S., Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors for Arresting Cracks in DCB Specimens, International Journal of Fracture, 12, pp. 317 - 319 (1976).
Manogg, P., Anwendung der Schattenoptik zur Untersuchung des ZerreiGvorgangs von Platten, Dissertation, Freiburg, Germany (1964).
Manogg, P., Die Lichtablenkung durch eine elastisch beanspruchte Platte und die Schattenfiguren von Kreis- und RiBkerbe, Glastechnische Berichte, 39, pp. 323 – 329 (1966).
Manogg, P., Investigation of the Rupture of a Plexiglas Plate by Means of an Optical Method Involving High Speed Filming of the Shadows Originating Around Holes Drilling in the Plate, International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 2, pp. 604–613 (1966).
Beinert, J., Kalthoff, J. F., Seidelmann, U. and Soltesz, U., Das schattenoptische Verfahren und seine Anwendung in der Bruchmechanik, VDI-Berichte Nr. 313, Verlag des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, Düsseldorf, Germany, pp. 15–25 (1977).
Beinert, J., Experimental Methods in Dynamic Stress Analysis, Modern Problems in Elastic Wave Propagation, edited by J. Miklowitz and J. D. Achenbach, John Wiley, pp. 23–43 (1978).
Beinert, J., Kalthoff, J. F. and Maier, M., Neuere Ergebnisse zur Anwendung des Schattenfleckverfahrens auf stehende und schnell-laufende Briiche, Preprints of the 6th International Conference on Experimental Stress Analysis, VDI-Berichte Nr. 313, Verlag des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, Diisseldorf, Germany, pp. 791–798 (1978).
Kalthoff, J. F., Beinert, J., Winkler, S. and Klemm, W., Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Effects in Different Crack Arrest Test Specimens, Crack Arrest Methodology and Applications, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 711, pp. 109–127 (1980).
Maier, M., Beinert, J. and Kalthoff, J. F., EinfluB der RiBgeschwindigkeit bei der schattenoptischen Bestimmung dynamischer Spannungsintensitatsfaktoren fur laufende Risse nach dem Kaustikenverfahren, Report Nr. W 1/79 of the Institut fur Festkorpermechanik, Freiburg, Germany (1979).
Foppl, L., and Monch, E., Praktische Spannungsoptik, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Hei-delberg, New York (1972).
Theocaris, P. S., Complex Stress-Intensity Factors at Bifurcated Cracks, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 20, pp. 265–279 (1972).
Sneddon, I. N., The Distribution of Stress in the Neighbourhood of a Crack in an Elastic Solid, Proceedings of the Physical Society, London, 187, pp. 229–260 (1946).
Williams, M. L., On the Stress Distribution at the Base of a Stationary Crack, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 24, pp. 109–114 (1957).
Theocaris, P. S., Interaction of Cracks With Other Cracks or Boundaries, Material-priifung, 13, pp. 264–269 (1971).
Soltesz, U., Experimented Untersuchungen zur stoBangeregten Wellenausbreitung in streifenfdrmigen Platten, Dissertation, Karlsruhe, Germany (1973).
Blauel, J. G. and Kerkhof, F., Optische Verfahren und geeignete Materialien zur Analyse dynamischer Spannungszustande, Report No. 2/67 of the Ernst-Mach-In- stitut, Freiburg, Germany (1967).
Metcalf, J. T. and Kobayashi, T., Comparison of Crack Behavior in Homalite 100 and Araldite B, Crack Arrest Methodology and Applications. The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 711, pp. 128–145 (1980).
Cotterell, B., Notes on the Paths and Stability of Cracks, International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 2, pp. 526–533 (1966).
Kalthoff, J. F., Theoretische und experimented Untersuchungen zur Ausbreitungs- richtung gegabelter Risse, Report No. 7/72 of the Institut fur Festkorpermechanik, Freiburg, Germany (1972).
Sih, G. C., Handbook of Stress Intensity Factors, Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., U.S.A. (1973).
Theocaris, P. S. and Gdoutos, E., An Optical Method for Determining Opening-Mode and Edge Sliding-Mode Stress-Intensity Factors, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 39, pp. 91–97 (1972).
Seidelmann, U., Anwendung des schattenoptischen Kaustikenverfahrens zur Be- stimmung bruchmechanischer Kennwerte bei liberlagerter Normal- und Scherbean- spruchung, Report No. 2/76 of the Institut fur Festkorpermechanik, Freiburg, Germany (1976).
Rice, J. R., Mathematical Analysis in the Mechanics of Fracture, Fracture, edited by H. Liebowitz, Academic Press, New York-London, pp. 235–238 (1968).
Gross, D., Beitrage zu den dynamischen Problemen der Bruchmechanik, Habita¬tions schrift, Stuttgart, Germany (1974).
Beinert, J. and Soltesz, U., unpublished results.
Clark, A. B. J. and Sanford, R. J., A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Properties of Photoelastic Materials, Experimental Mechanics, 3, pp. 148–151 (1963).
Impact Testing of Metals, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 466 (1970).
Instrumented Impact Testing, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 563 (1974).
Kalthoff, J. F., Beinert, J. and Winkler, S., Dynamische Effekte beim instrumentierten Kerbschlagbiegetest, 9. Sitzung des Arbeitskreises Bruchvorgange im Deutschen Verband fur Materilpriifung, DVM-Verlag, Berlin (1977).
Crosley, P. B. and Ripling, E. J., Crack Arrest Toughness of Pressure Vessel Steels, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 17, pp. 32–45 (1971).
Crosley, P. B. and Ripling, E. J., Characteristics of a Run-Arrest Segment of Crack Extension, Fast Fracture and Crack Arrest, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 627, pp. 203–227 (1977).
Hahn, G. T., Gehlen, P. C., Hoagland, R. G., Kanninen, M. F., Rosenfield, A. R. et al., Critical Experiments, Measurements and Analyses to Establish a Crack Arrest Methodology for Nuclear Pressure Vessel Steels, BMI-1939, 1959, 1995, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. August 1975, October 1976, May 1978.
Hoagland, R. G., Rosenfield, A. R., Gehlen, P. C. and Hahn, G. T., A Crack Arrest Measuring Procedure for Km, Km and KIa Properties, Fast Fracture and Crack Arrest, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., ASTM STP 627, pp. 177–202 (1977).
Kalthoff, J. F., Winkler, S. and Beinert, J., Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors for Arresting Cracks in DCB Specimens, International Journal of Fracture, 12, pp. 317–319 (1976).
Kalthoff, J. F., Beinert, J. and Winkler, S., Influence of Dynamic Effects on Crack Arrest, EPRI RP 1022–1, First Semi-Annual Progress Report, Report V9/78, Institut fur Festkorpermechanik, Freiburg, Germany (1978).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers bv, The Hague
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beinert, J., Kalthoff, J.F. (1981). Experimental determination of dynamic stress intensity factors by shadow patterns. In: Sih, G.C. (eds) Experimental evaluation of stress concentration and intensity factors. Mechanics of Fracture, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8337-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8337-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8339-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8337-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive