Abstract
Antibody can be extracted from different organs, and specific activity against microorganisms can be measured on such material with good accuracy (Waller et al., 1980).
This method has been applied on bovine lungs and trachea to measure the antibody activity against PI-3 virus and was compared to that activity in serum from corresponding animals. In general the antibody titres in extracts from lungs and trachea correlated with that in serum when measured with the HI-test, although the titres were lower.
The immune responses to PI-3 virus in the IgG and IgA classes were assayed with the ELISA technique. It was then found that the PI-3 titre within the IgG class in the lung extracts varied between the different animals in parallel with the titres in serum. On the other hand, the response in the IgA class in the lung extracts varied independently with the serum titres between the animals.
Efficient subunit vaccines can be prepared consisting of the spike proteins of membrane viruses in forms of micelles or with the spike proteins integrated into lipid vesicles, so called virosomes (Morein et al., 1978). From PI-3 virus (Morein et al., submitted) protein micelles were prepared and used as vaccines on pathogen-free lambs. Antibody response as well as protective immunity was induced by such a micelle vaccine containing 15 pg spike protein per dose after two vaccinations, when an oil adjuvant was included at the first vaccination. The antibody response was measured in serum in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum neutralisation (SN) assays. The protective effect was shown by reduced virus excretion and pneumonic lesions in the vaccinated animals compared to non-vaccinated animals.
The immune response of the PI-3 spike protein micelles were tested in BALB/c mice. They were vaccinated twice 3 weeks apart with different doses of protein micelles (0.1 to 10 pg protein). The antibody response in serum was followed with weekly intervals until the end of the experiment 6 weeks after the second vaccination. Antibodies to PI-3 were measured in extracts from lungs and trachea with the HI-test and the ELISA technique. One pg spike protein micelles induced clearcut antibody response in serum and in extracts from lung and trachea. The IgA response in the extracts was low compared to the IgG response.
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© 1981 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg
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Morein, B., Simons, K., Horn af Rantzien, M., Waller, T., Sharp, M. (1981). Immune Response to Subunit Vaccines Against Enveloped Viruses. In: Bourne, F.J. (eds) The Mucosal Immune System. Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8331-1_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8331-1_15
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