Abstract
Liver cell cancer, arising from the hepatic parenchyma cells, may very likely be one of the commonest human cancers in the world. This is based on the fact that its occurrence is very frequent among densely populated areas, especially in the Far East and southern Africa [1–4]. Prognosis of this grave disease is still very poor. However, progress had been achieved in recent years of research on possible etiological factors, mechanism of carcinogenesis, early diagnosis and surgical treatment of liver cell cancer. Some aspects of the recent development will be reviewed here.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Linsell CA: Epidemiology of liver cancer. In: Advances in Medical Oncology, research and education, vol IX: Digestive cancer, Thatcher N (ed). Oxford: Pergamon 1979, pp 61–68.
Blumberg BS, London WT: Hepatitis B virus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma; the relation of ‘Icrons’ to cancer. 7th Cold Spring Harbor conference on cell proliferation, 1979 (In press.)
Szmuness W, Linsley F: The relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection. 7th Cold Spring Harbor conference on cell proliferation, 1979. In press.
National Cancer Office of Ministry of Health, The People’s Republic of China: Studies on mortality rate of cancer in China (in Chinese). Beijing: People’s Health Publishing House, 1980.
Linsell DA, Higginson J: The geographic pathology of liver cell cancer. In: Liver cell cancer, Cameron HM, Linsell DA, Warwick GP (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific, 1976, pp 1–16.
Editorial committee for atlas of cancer mortality: Atlas of cancer mortality in the People’s Republic of China (in Chinese). Beijing: China Map Press, 1980.
Kew MC: Hepatocellular cancer in southern Africa. In: Primary liver tumors, Remmer H, Bolt HM, Bannash P, Popper H (eds). Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978, pp 179–183.
Trichopoulos D, Violaki M, Sparros L, Xirouchake E: Epidemiology of hepatitis B and primary hepatic carcinoma. Lancet 2:1038–1039, 1975.
Hirayama T: Strategy for cancer control in Asia. GANN Monogr Cancer Res 18:3–16, 1976.
Anthony PP: The background to liver cell cancer. In: Liver cell cancer, Cameron HM, Linsell DA, Warwick GP (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific, 1976, pp 93–120.
Cameron HM: Pathology of liver cell cancer. In: Liver cell cancer, Cameron HM, Linsell DA, Warwick GP (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific, 1976, pp 17–43.
Obada H: Hepatitis B virus and liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver. Clinician 24:63, 1977.
Sun Zongtang, Wang Nengjun, Xia Qiujie, Wan Laiqi, Zhang Yulan: Pathological and serological investigation on early primary hepatocellular carcinoma and its liver disease-background (in Chinese). Chin J Oncol 1:13–19, 1979.
Wogan GN: The induction of liver cell cancer by chemicals. In: Liver cell cancer, Cameron HM, Linsell DA, Warwick GP (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific, 1976, pp 121–152.
Adamson RH, Correa P, Sieber SM, Mclntire KR, Dalgard DW: Carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 in rhesus monkeys: two additional cases of primary liver cancer. J Nat Cancer Inst 57:67–78, 1976.
Shank RC, Gordon JE, Wogan CN, Nondasuta A, Subhamani B: Dietary Aflatoxins and human liver cancer III. Field survey of rural Thai families for ingested aflatomins. Food Cosmet Toxicol 10:61–84, 1972.
Peers FG, Linsell CA: Dietary aflatoxins and liver cancer: a population based study in Kenya. Br J Cancer 27:473–484, 1973.
Van Rensburg SJ, van der Watt JJ, Purchase IFH, Pereira Cautinho L, Markham R: Primary liver cancer rate and aflatoxin intake in a high incidence area. S Afr Med J 48:2508a–d, 1974.
Peers FG, Gilman GA, Linsell CA: Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. A study in Swaziland. Int J Cancer 17:167–176, 1976.
Linsell CA, Peers FG: Fields studies on liver cell cancer. In: Origins of human cancer, Book A, Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA (eds). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1977, pp 549-556.
Deng Nihun: Aflatoxins and liver cancer (in Chinese). Qidong Liver Cancer Res 1976, pp 36-39.
Sieber SM, Adamson Rh: Chemical carcinogenesis in non-human primates and attempt at prevention. In: Antiviral mechanism in the control of neoplasm, Chandra P (ed). New York: Plenum, 1978, pp 455–480.
Takahashi DM: High pressure liquid Chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in wines and other liquid products. J AOAC 60:799–804, 1978.
Sun PS, Chu FS: A simple solid-phase radioimmunoassay for aflatoxin B1. J Food Safety 1:67–75, 1977.
Preussmann R: Hepatocarcinogens as potential risk for human liver cancer. In: Primary liver tumors, Remmer H, Bolt HM, Bannasch P, Popper H (eds). Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978, pp 11–29.
Hu Yun-mei: Nitrosamines and liver cancer (in Chinese). Qidong Liver Cancer Res 1976, pp 45-50.
Nishioka K: Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. In: Hepatitis viruses, Toshitsugu Oda (ed). University of Tokyo Press, 1978, pp 247-255.
Chou Lizhong: Hepatitis and liver cancer (in Chinese). Qidong Liver Cancer Res 1976, pp 31-35.
Lu Gianhua: Prospective study on HBsAg Positive and negative populations in Qidong county (in Chinese). To be published.
Beasley RP, Lin CC: Hepatoma risk among HBsAg carriers. Am J Epidemiol 108:247, 1978.
Simons MJ, Chen SH: Liver and pancreatic tumors, liver tumoroncogenesis. In: Advances in medical oncology, research and education, vol V: Digestive cancer, Thatcher N (ed). Oxford: Pergamon 1979, pp69–79.
Sun Zongtang, Chu Yuan-yan, Wang Laiqi, Xia Qiujie, Wang Nengjun, Zhang Yulan: Immunological approach to natural history, early diagnosis and etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma (in Chinese). 7th Cold Spring Harbor Conference on cell proliferation, 1979. (In press.)
Remmer H: Metabolism of carcinogens; its significance for the initiation of liver tumors. In: Primary liver tumors, Remmer H, Bolt HM, Bannasch P, Popper H (eds). Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978, pp 31–49.
Yu Zhan-Zhang: Primary hepatoma (in Chinese). In: Epidemiology, Geng Guan-ye (ed). Beijing: People’s Health Publishing House, 1980, pp 638–654.
Millman I, Blumberg BS: Perspectives de la vaccination contre 1e virus de l’hepatite. Rev Prat 28:1943, 1978.
Maupas P, Gougeau A, Coursaget P, Drucker J, Barin F, Perrin J, Chiron JP, Denis F, Diop Mar, Summers J: HBV infection and hepatoma — epidemiological, clinical and virology study in Senegal. Perspective of prevention by active immunization. 7th Cold Spring Harbor Conference on cell Proliferation, 1979. To be published.
Stewart WE II: The interferon system. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1979.
Sun Tsung-tang, Wan Lai-che, Chang Yu-lan, Lu Cheng-hung, Hsia Chu-chieh, Li Fengming: Radio-rocket electrophoresis autography (RREA) through labelled antigen for AFP assay and its application in sero-epidemiological investigation on primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J 92:17, 1979.
Coordinating Group for Research on liver cancer, China: Studies on human AFP (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 4:277–286, 1974. Abstract form in: Int Cancer Congress, Florence, Abst. No. 3, p 492, 1974.
Coordinating group for research on liver cancer in Qidong: Experience on early diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 1:1–5, 1975.
Coordinating group for research on liver cancer, China: Studies on human alpha-fetoprotein; further study in the application of AFP assay in mass screening for liver cancer (in Chinese). Nat Med J China 58:586–588, 1978.
Abelev GI: Alpha-fetoprotein in ontogenesis and its association with malignant tumors. Adv Cancer Res 14:295–358, 1971.
Alpert E: Assay summary on serum alpha-l-fetoprotein (AFP). In: Compendium of assays
Chu Yuan-yun: AFP sero-survey and early diagnosis of liver cell cancer in the Qidong field (in Chinese). Chin J Oncol 3:35–38, 1981.
Purves LR: Alpha-fetoprotein and the diagnosis of liver cell cancer. In: Liver cell cancer. Cameron HM, Linsell DA, Warwick GP (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific, 1976, pp 61–79.
Okuda K, Kotoda K, Obata H, Hayashi N, Nisamitsu T, Tamiya M, Kubo Y, Yakushiji FF, Nagata E, Jinnouchi S, Shimokawa Y: Clinical observation during a relatively early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma — with special reference to serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Gas-troenterology 69:226–234, 1975.
Lo Gin-han, Chu Yuan-yun, Cheng Ming, Chou Ai-ding, She Pin-van: Preliminary report on the use of haemaglutination test for serum AFP in mass survey of hepatocellular carcinoma (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 1:6–12, 1975.
Sun Tsung-tang, Wang Lai-che: Radio-rocket electrophoresis autography in assaying serum AFP (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 1:12–16, 1975.
Ji Zhen, Sun Zongtang, Wang Laiqi, Ding Guanshuo, Chu Peipei, Li Fengming: Characteristics of AFP serology in early PHC and the high risk group (in Chinese). Chin J Oncol 1:96–100, 1979.
Yeh HC: Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the liver In: Progress in liver diseases, vol VI, Popper H, Schaffner F (eds). New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp 519–537.
Okuda K, Obata H, Kubo Y, Nakashima T: Early diagnosis and angiographie feature of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Primary liver tumors, Remmer H, Bolt HM, Bannasch P, Popper H (eds). Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978, pp 149–164.
Shanghai Coordinating Group for Research on Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China (Tang Zhaoyou et al.): Diagnosis and treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in early stage-report of 134 cases. Chin Med J 92:801–806, 1979.
Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai First Medical College: Transumbilical hepatography for diagnosis of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). Nat Med J China 55:265–269, 1975.
Tang Zhaoyou, Yang Binghui, Zhou Xinda: Advances in early diagnosis of primary liver cancer in China (in Chinese). Chin J Oncol 1:233–235, 1979.
Tang Zhaoyou, Yu Yeqin, Zhou Xinda, Cao Yunzhen, Lu Jizhen: Small hepatocellular carcinoma IV diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (in Chinese). Acta Acad Med Primae Shanghai 5:118–125, 1978.
Okuda K, Nakashima T: Hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of the recent studies and developments. In: Progress in liver diseases, vol V, Popper H, Schaffner F (eds). New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp 639–650.
Tang Zhaoyou: Screening and early treatment of primary liver cancer — with special reference to the eastern part of China. Annls Acad Med Singapore 9:234–239, 1980.
Kawasaki H, Sakaguchi S, Irisa T, Hirayama C: Value of B-scan Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of liver cancer — accuracy compared to scintigraphy and angiography. Am J Gastroenterol 69:436–442, 1978.
Sheedy PF, Stephen DH, Hattery RR, Stanson AW, Adson MA, MacCarty RL: CT and angiography in the evaluation of patients with suspected solitary hepatic mass lesions. J Computer assist Tomography 3:556, 1979.
Kusano S, Kubayashi T, Matsubayashi T, Ishiik, Shibata H, Kido Kido Y, Ohmiya H: Comuted tomography of the liver; the cross-sectional anatomy of the liver and its clinical usefulness in the diagnosis of the liver cancer. Acta hepatol Jap 19:299–312, 1978.
Stephens DH, Sheedy PF, Hattery RR, MacCarty Rl: Computed tomography of the liver. Am J Roentgenol 128:579–590, 1977.
Yeh SDJ, Benua RS: Gallium Scans For follow-up of patients with lymphoma and hepatoma. In: Medical radionuclide imaging, vol II. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1977.
Bryan PJ, Dinn WM, Grossman ZD, Wistow BW, McAfee JC, Kieffer SA: Correlation of computed tomography, gray scale ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging of the liver in detecting space occupying process. Radiology 124:387–393, 1977.
Yeh SDJ, Watson RC, Benua RS: A comparison of radionuclide studies with early experience with CTT scans of the abdomen. In: Medical radionuclide imaging, vol I. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1977, pp 463–475.
Hattori N: Immuno-biochemical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with special reference to AFP-lower and negative cases with HCC. In: Abst of International Workshop on Primary Liver Cancer and Chronic Hepatitis. Singapore, 1979, p 23.
Oon CJ, Yo Sl: Presence of a hepatoma-liver antigen in the sera of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Singapore Med J 20:317, 1979.
Thung SN, Berber MA, Sarno E, Popper H: Distribution of five antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lab Invest 41:101–105, 1979.
Chio LF, Oon CJ: Changes in serum alpha 1 antitrypsin, Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and beta 2 glycoprotein I in patients with malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 43:596–604, 1979.
Tsou KC, Lo KW: Serum 5’-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme V test for human liver cancer. Cancer 45:209–213, 1980.
Xin Hua Hospital: Serum 5’-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme V and primary liver cancer (in Chinese). Personal communication, 1980.
Tang Zhaoyou: Treatment of primary liver cancer — with special reference to the eastern part of China. Annls Acad Med Singapore 9:251–255, 1980.
Hung Shunyou, Sa Yen-wen: Diagnosis, surgical effect and prognosis of small liver cell cancer, clinical analysis of 38 cases. Res Cancer Control, 1980. To be published.
Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan: Survey and follow-up study of primary liver cancer in Japan-report 3. Acta Hepatol Jap 17:460–465, 1976.
Shangai Coordinating Group for Liver Cancer Research, China (Tang Zhaoyou et al.): Primary liver cancer — a clinical analysis of 3,254 cases (from 11 provinces 21 hospitals in China) (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 3:207–215, 1974.
Tang Zhaoyou, Yang Binghui, Tang Chenlong, Vu Yeqin, Lin Zhiying, Weng Huizhi: Evaluation of population screening for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J 93:795–799, 1980.
Hung Shunyao: Surgical treatment of primary hepatoma. Report on 117 cases (in Chinese). Chin J Oncol 3:57–60, 1981.
Nat Cancer Inst: End results in cancer. Report No. 4. U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare. Public Health Service, 1972.
Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan: Survey and follow-up study of primary liver cancer in Japan-report 4. Acta Hepatol Jap 20:433–441, 1979.
Tang Zhaoyou, Yu Yeqin, Lin Zhiying, Zhou Xinda, Yang Binghui, Cao Yunzhen, Lu Jizhen, Tang Chenlong: Small hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical analysis of 30 cases (in Chinese). Chin Med J 92:455–462, 1979.
Ying Yehying, Chai Weiyung: Small hepatocellular carcinoma. III. Pathology of small hepatocellular carcinoma (in Chinese). Acta Acad Med Primae Shanghai 5:111–118, 1978.
Okuda K, Nakashima T, Obata H, Kubo Y: Clinicopathological studies of minute hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of 20 cases, including 4 with hepatic resection. Gastroenterology 73:109–115, 1977.
Tang Zhaoyou: Surgical resection of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). In: Primary liver cancer, Tang Zhaoyou (ed). Shanghai Sci & Technical press, 1980, chap 19.
Shanghai Coordinating Group for Research on Liver Cancer, China: Surgical resection of primary liver cancer — analysis of 258 cases (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 3:215–218, 1974.
Foster JH, Berman MM: Solid liver tumors. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1977.
Lin TY: Results in 107 hepatic lobectomies with a preliminary report on the use of a clamp to reduce blood loss. Ann Surg 177:413–421, 1973.
Ong GB, Chan PKW: Primary carcinoma of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143:31–38, 1976.
Tang Zhaoyou, Qian Shiquang: Surgical treatment of primary liver cancer (material in Chitung county) (in Chinese). Jiangsu Med 11:501–505, 1977.
Wu Mongchao: Eighteen years experience in surgical resection of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). 9th Proc National Surgical Conference, China, 1978.
Balasegaram M: Hepatic resection for malignant tumors. Surg Rounds 2:14–26, 1979.
Fortner JG, Shiu MH, Kinne DW, Castro EB, Watson RC, Hawland WS, Beattie EJ: Major hepatic resection using vascular isolation and hypothermia perfusion. Ann Surg 180:644–652, 1974.
Yu Yeqin, Tang Zhaoyou, Zhou Xinda, Lin Zhiying, Lu Jizhen, Cao Yunzhen: Bloodless hepatectomy (in Chinese). Chin J Surg 18:146–147, 1980.
Offenstadt G, Huguet C, Gallot D, Bloch P: Hemodynamic monitoring during complete vascular exclusion for extensive hepatectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 146:709–713, 1978.
Yu Yeqin, Tang Zhaoyou, Zhou Xinda: Experience in hepatic resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (in Chinese). Chin J Surg 16:266–268, 1978.
Foster JH: Survival after liver resection for cancer. Cancer 26:493–502, 1970.
Pack GT, Baker HW: Total right hepatic lobectomy. Ann Surg 138:253–258, 1953.
Cao Yunzhen, Tang Zhaoyou, Ying Yehying, Chai Weiyung: Factors influencing prognosis of primary liver cancerclinicopathological analysis of 224 cases (in Chinese). Nat Med J China 59:35–40, 1979.
Yu Yeqin, Tang Zhaoyou, Zhou Xinda: Second look operation on recurrence of liver cancer after resection (in Chinese). To be published.
Clarkson B, Young C, Dierick W, Kuchn P, Kim M, Berrett A, Clapp P, Lawrence W: Effects of continuous hepatic artery infusion of anti-metabolities on primary and metastatic cancer of the liver. Cancer 15:472–488, 1962.
Fortner JG, Pahnke LD: A new method for long term intrahepatic chemotherapy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143:979–980, 1976.
Bern MM, McDermott W, Cady B, Oberfield Ra, Trey C, Clouse ME, Tullis JL, Parker LM: Intraarterial hepatic infusion and intravenous adriamycin for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma MM a clinical and pharmacology report. Cancer 42:399–405, 1978.
Garnick MB, Ensminger WD, Israel M: Aclinical pharmacological evaluation of hepatic arterial infusion of adriamycin. Cancer Res 39:4105–4110, 1979.
Patt YZ, Wallace S, Hersh Em, Hall SW, Menachem YB, Granmayeh M, Mcbride Cm, Benjamin RS, Mavligit GM: Hepatic arterial infusion of Corynebacterium parvum and chemotherapy. Surg Cynecol Obstet 147:879–902, 1978.
Ariel IM: Tratment of inoperable primary pancreatic and liver cancer by the intraarterial administration of radioactive isotopes (Y90 radiating microspheres). Ann Surg 162:267–278, 1965.
El-Domeiri AA, Mojab K: Intermittent occlusion of the hepatic artery and infusion chemotherapy for carcinoma of the liver. Am J Surg 135:771–775, 1978.
Aronsen KF, Hellekant C, Holmberg J, Rothman U, Teder H: Controlled blocking of hepatic artery flow with enzymatically degradable microspheres combined with oncolytic drugs. Eur Surg Res 11:99–106, 1979.
Sawa Y: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by one shet injection of anticancer agents through the hepatic artery. Acta Hepatol Jap 20:852–860, 1979.
Fortner JG et al.: Actinomycin D perfusion of the isolated liver for cancer. Bull Soc Int Chir 34:399, 1975.
Friedman Ma, Volherding PA, Cassidy MJ, Resser KJ, Wasserman TH, Phillips Tl: Therapy for hepatocellular cancer with intrahepatic arterial adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil combined with whole liver irradiation: a northern California Oncology Group Study. Cancer Treat Rep 63:1885–1888, 1979.
Yu Yeqin: Surgical management of nonresectable primary liver cancer (in Chinese). In: Primary liver cancer, Tang zhaoyou (ed). Shanghai Sci & Technical Press, 1980, chap 21.
Department of Medicine, Ri Tan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences: Hepatic artery perfusion in treatment of advanced primary liver cancer (in Chinese). National Liver Cancer Conference, Shanghai, China, 1977.
Clouse ME, Ahmed R, Ryan RB, Oberfield RA, McCaffrey JA: Complications of long term transbrachial hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Am J Roentgenol 129:799–803, 1977.
Riehoff WF, Woods AC: Ligation of hepatic and splenic arteries in treatment of cirrhosis with ascites. JAMA 152:687–690, 1953.
Nilson LAV: Therapeutic hepatic artery ligation in patients with secondary liver tumors. Rev Surg 23:374–376, 1966.
Almersjo O, Bengmark S, Hafström L, Leissner H: Results of liver dearterialization combined with regional infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Acta Chir Scand 142:131–138, 1976.
Nagasue N, Inokuchi K, Kobayashi M, Ogawa Y, Iwaki A, Yukaya H: Hepatic dearterialization for nonresectable primary and secondary tumors of the liver. Cancer 38:2593–2603, 1976.
Breedis C, Young G: The blood supply of neoplasm of the liver Am J Pathol 30:969–985, 1954.
Kim DK, Kinne DW, Fortner JG: Occlusion of hepatic artery in man. Surg Gynecol Obstet 136:966–968, 1973.
Balasegaram M: Management of primary liver cell carcinoma. Am J Surg 130:33–37, 1975.
Kim DK, Penneman R, Kalium B, Carrillo M, Scheiner E, Fortner JG. Acute renal failure after ligation of the hepatic artery. Surg cynecol Obstet 143:391–394, 1976.
Fortner JG, Kim DK, Barrett MK, Iwatsuki S, Papachristou D, McLaughlin C, Maclean BJ: Eight years experience with the surgical management of 321 patients with liver tumors. In: Adv Med Oncol Res & Education, Canonico A, Estevez O, Chacon R, Barg S (eds). Oxford: Pergamon, 1979, vol 9, pp 93–97.
Madden RE, de Blasi H, Zinns J: Blood gases as a guide to the safety of hepatic artery ligation for metastic carcinoma. In: Adv Med Oncol Res & Education, Canonico A, Estevez O, Chacon R, Barg S (eds). Oxford: Pergamon, 1979, vol 9, pp 87–91.
Yamada R, Nakatsuka H, Nakamura K, Sato M, Tamaoka K, Takemoto K, Kobayashi N, Itami M, Ono T, Minakuchi K, Yamaguchi S, Tamaki M: Superselective arterial embolization in unresectable hepatoma. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkin Zasshi 39:540–543, 1979.
Zhou Xinda, Tang Zhaoyou, Yu Yeqin et al.: Cryosurgery for liver cancer: experimental and clinical study (in Chinese). Chinese J Surg 17:480–483, 1979.
Zhou Xinda, Yu Yeqin, Tang Zhaoyou et al.: Experimental study of laser hepatic ausgery (in Chinese). Acta Acad Med Primae Shanghai 7:216–221, 1980.
Ariel IM: The treatment of primary and metastatic cancer of the liver. Surgery 39:70–91, 1956.
Geddes EW, Falkson G: Malignant hepatoma in the Bantu. Cancer 25:1271–1278, 1970.
El Domeiri AA, Huvos AG, Goldsmith HS, Foote FW: Primary malignant tumors of the liver. Cancer 27:7–11, 1971.
Lightdale CJ, Wasser J, Coleman M, Brower M, Tefft M, Pasmantier M: Anticoagulation and high dose liver radiation. Cancer 43:174–181, 1979.
Yin Weibai et al.: Nonsurgery treatment of primary liver canceranalysis of 60 cases (in Chinese). Nat Med J China 49:499–502, 1963.
Yu Erxin: Radiation therapy of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). In: Primary liver cancer, Tang Zhaoyou (ed). Shanghai Sci & Technical Press, 1980, chap 22.
Grady ED, Molan TR, Grumbley AJ, Larose JH, Cheek WV: Internal hapatic radiotherapy: II. Intra-arterial radiocolloid therapy for hepatic tumors. Am J Roentgenol 124:596–599, 1975.
Nelson BM, Andrews GA, Watson EE: Histopathologic studies of the liver following intravenous colloidal 198Au therapy. Radiology 127:239–247, 1978.
Yang Binghui, Tang Zhaoyou: Chemotherapy of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). In: Primary liver cancer, Tang Zhaoyou (ed). Shanghai Sci & Technical press, 1980. chap 24.
Link JS, Batemen JR, Paroly Ws, Durkin WJ, Peters RL: 5-Fluoreuracil in hepatocelluler carcinoma: report of twenty-one cases. Cancer 39:1936–1939, 1977.
Olweny CLM, Toya T, Katongole-Mbidde E, Mugerwa J, Kyalwazi SK, Cohen H: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with adriamycin. Preliminary communication. Cancer 36:1250–1257, 1975.
Falkson G, Moertel CG, Lavin P, Pretorius FJ. Carbone PP: Chemotherapy studies in primary liver cancer — a prospective randomized clinical trial. Cancer 42:2149–2156, 1978.
Hepatoma & Liver Study Research Group, Singapore: Clinical studies in Asian patients with irresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma treated by adriamycin and prednisolone alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil, vincristine and prednisolone. Singapore Med J 19:192, 1978.
Smart CR, Townsend LB, Rusho WJ, Eyre HJ, Qualiana JM, Wilson ML, Edwards CB, Manning SJ: Phase 1 study of Ftoraful, an analog ML, Edwards CB, Manning SJ: Phase 1 study of Ftoraful, an analog of 5-fluorouracil. Cancer 36:103–106, 1975.
Kennedy PS, Lehane DE, Smith FE, Lane M: Oral fluorouracil therapy of hepatome. Cancer 39:1930–1935, 1977.
Institute materia Medica, Academia Sinica, Shanghai, China: Treatment of primary liver cancer by intravenous administration of camptothecin suspension (in Chinese). 4th National Cancer Congress, China, 1977.
Eckhardt S: Chemotherapy of primary liver cancer. J Toxicol Environ Health 5:395–400, 1979.
Shanghai Coordinating Group for Cancer Research, China: Primary liver cancer — analysis of 1,200 cases (in Chinese) Shanghai Med 9:3–8, 1973.
Liver Cancer Research Unit, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai First Medical College, Shanghai (Tang Zhaoyou et al.): Experience in combination treatment of Chinese traditional medicine and western medicine of primary liver cancer, (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 5:96–104, 1977.
Dairo Kan et al.: Cellular immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma Acta Hepatol Jap 19:175, 1978.
Lin Zhiying, Tang Zhaoyou: Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to old tuberculin and the prognosis of primary carcinoma of the liver (in Chinese). Acta Acad Med Primae Shanghai 6:103–110, 1979.
Liver Cancer Research Unit, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai First Medical College, Shanghai, China: Active immunotherapy on primary liver cancer (in Chinese). Res Cancer Control 3:336–339, 1975.
Lin Zhiying, Tang Zhaoyou: Immunostatus and immunotherapy of primary liver cancer (in Chinese). In: Primary liver cancer, Tang Zhaoyou (ed). Shanghai Sci & Technical press, 1980, chap 25.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague/Boston/London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tsung-Tang, S., Zhao-You, T., Yuan-Yun, C. (1981). Epidemiology, Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cell Cancer. In: Decosse, J.J., Sherlock, P. (eds) Gastrointestinal Cancer 1. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8255-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8255-0_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8257-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8255-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive