Skip to main content

Part of the book series: The Developments Series ((TDS))

Summary

Seismic migration is one of the most rapidly changing fields in data processing. During the last twelve years three major methods and a host of minor methods have appeared on the scene, each with its own range of applicability. In this article we examine in detail the three mainstream migration methods, i.e. the diffraction stack, F-K migration, and finite difference migration; we scrutinise their strengths, weaknesses and relative merits in terms ofpractical migration problems. We also look at some of the new techniques which have been discussed in the literature and which are, potentially, the migration methods of the future—these include hybrid finite difference/Fourier methods, direct velocity inversion techniques, and stack enhancement by partial migration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. HAGEDOORN, J. G., A process of seismic reflection interpretation, Geophys. Prospecting, 2, pp. 85–127, 1954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. RAZ, S., Direct reconstruction of velocity and density profiles from scattered field data, Geophysics, submitted for publication, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  3. MARFURT, K. J., Elastic wave equation migration—inversion, P Thesis, Columbia University, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  4. HUBRAL, P., Time migration—some ray theoretical aspects, Geophys. Prospecting , 25, pp. 738–45, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. FRENCH, W. S., Computer migration of oblique seismic reflection profiles, Geophysics , 40, pp. 961–80, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. GARDNER, G. H. F., FRENCH, W. S. and MATZUK, T., Elements of migration and velocity analysis, Geophysics, 39, pp. 811–25, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. BERRYHILL, J. R., Wave equation datumming, Geophysics, 44, pp. 1329–44,1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. CLAERBOUT, J. F., Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping, Geophysics, 36, pp. 467–81, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Loewenthal, D., Lu, L., Roberson, R. and Sherwood, J. W. C., The wave equation applied to migration, Geophys. Prospecting , 24, pp. 380–99, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. CLAERBOUT, J. F., Course grid calculations of waves in inhomogeneous media with application to delineation of complicated seismic structure, Geophysics, 35, pp. 407–18, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. CLAERBOUT, J. F., Numerical holography, Acoustical holography, Vol. 3, ed. A. F. Metherell, pp. 273–83, Plenum Press, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  12. CLAERBOUT, J. F. and JOHNSON, A. G., Extrapolation of time dependent waveforms along their path of propagation,Geophys. J., Roy. Astron. Soc ., 26, pp. 285–93, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. HATTON, L., LARNER, K. and GIBSON, B., Migration of seismic data from inhomogeneous media,presented at 4 1s t Mtg of EAEG, Hamburg, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  14. ALFORD, R. M., KELLY, K. R. and BOORE, D. M., Accuracy of finite difference modelling of the acoustic wave equation,Geophysics , 39, pp. 834–42, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. DEREGOWSKI, S. M., A finite difference method for CDP stacked section migration, presented at 40th Mtg of EAEG, Dublin, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  16. MCDANIEL, S. T., Parabolic approximations for underwater sound propagation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am 58, pp. 1178–85, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  17. LAPIDUS, L., Digital computation for chemical engineers, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  18. MUIR, F., Stanford Exploration Project, Vol. 8, p. 54, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  19. CLAYTON, R. and ENGQUIST, B., Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 67, pp. 1529–40, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  20. MARSCHALL, R., Derivative of two-sided recursive filters with seismic applications presented at 48th Ann. Mtg of SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  21. HOOD, P., Finite difference and wavenumber migration, Geophys. Prospecting, 26, pp. 773–89, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. BUCHANAN, D. J., An exact solvable one way wave equation, presented at the 48th Ann. Mtg of the SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  23. WHITTLESEY, J. R. B. and QUAY, R. G., Wave equation migration operators using 2-D Z-Transform theory, presented at 47th Ann. Mtg of SEG, Calgary,

    Google Scholar 

  24. STOLT, R. H., Migration by Fourier transform, Geophysicst 43, pp. 23–48,

    Google Scholar 

  25. DEREGOWSKI, S. M., Report on the finite difference method, BP Company Limited (in preparation), 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  26. DEREGOWSKI, S. M., Private Communication, BP Company Limited, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  27. DOHERTY, S. M., Structure independent seismic velocity estimation, P Thesis, Geophysics Department, Stanford University, Ca., 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  28. CLAERBOUT, J. F., Fundamentals of geophysical data processing, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  29. SHERWOOD, J. W. C., Private communication, Digicon Inc., 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  30. YILMAZ, O., Pre-stack partial migration, P Thesis, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Ca., 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  31. SCHULTZ, P. S. and CLAERBOUT, J. F., Velocity estimation and downward continuation by wavefront synthesis,Geophysics , 43, pp. 691–714, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. ESTEVEZ, R., Wide angle diffracted multiple reflections, P Thesis, Geophysics Department, Stanford University, Ca., 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  33. SCHULTZ, P. S. and SHERWOOD, J. W. C., Depth migration before stack, Geophysics , 45, pp. 376–93, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. MAGINNESS, M. G., The reconstruction of elastic wavefields from measurements over a transducer array, J. Sound and Vibration, 20 (No. 2), pp. 219–40, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. BOOER, A. K., CHAMBERS, J. and MASON, I. M., Numerical holographic reconstruction by a projective transform, Electron. Lett., 13, pp. 569–70,1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. GAZDAG, J., Wave equation migration with the phase-shift method, Geophysics , 43, pp. 1342–51, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. GAZDAG, J., Extrapolation of seismic waveforms by Fourier methods, IBM J. Res. Dev. , 22, pp. 481–6, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. GAZDAG, J., Wave equation migration with the accurate space derivative method, Geophys. Prospecting, 28, pp. 60–70, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. PHINNEY, R. A. and FRAZER, L. N., On the theory of imaging by Fourier transform,presented at 48th Ann. Mtg of SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  40. CHUN, J. H. and JACEWITZ, C. A., Fundamentals of frequency domain migration,presented at 48th Ann. Mtg of SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  41. CHUN, J. H. and JACEWITZ, C. A., A fast multi-velocity function frequency domain migration, presented at 48th Ann. Mtg of SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  42. ESTES, L. E. and FAIN, G., Numerical technique for computing the wide angle acoustic field in an ocean with range-dependent velocity profiles, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 62, pp. 38–43, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. LARNER, K. and Hatton, L., Wave equation migration: two approaches, Offshore Technology Conference, paper OTC-2568, Houston, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  44. NEWMAN, P., Amplitude and phase properties of a digital process, presented at 37th Mtg of EAEG, Bergen, Norway, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  45. BERKHOUT, A. J., and PALTHE, D. W., VAN, W., Migration in terms of spatial deconvolution. Geophys. Prospecting , 21, pp. 261–91, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. SCHNEIDER, W. S., Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions, Geophysics, 43, pp. 49–76, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. KUHN, M. J. and ALHILALI, K. A., Weighting factors in the construction and reconstruction of acoustical wavefields, Geophysics, 42, pp. 1183–98, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. BOLONDI, G., ROCCA, F. and SAVELLI, S., A frequency domain approach to two dimensional migration, Geophys. Prospecting, 26, pp. 750–72, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. GARIBOTTO, G., 2-D recursive filters for the solution of two-dimensional wave equations, IEEE Trans, on Acoust. Speech and Signal Processing, ASSP-27, pp. 367–73, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. KUHN, M. J., Acoustical imaging of source receiver coincident profiles, Geophys. Prospecting , 27, pp. 62–77, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. DEVEY, M. G., Derivation of the migration integral, Technical Note TN451, BP Company Ltd, Exploration and Production Department, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  52. HOSKEN, J. W. J., Improvements in the practice of 2D diffraction stack migration, Report No. EPR/R1247 BP Company Limited, Exploration and Production Department, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  53. SAFAR, M., Private communication, The British Petroleum Company Ltd, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  54. NEWMAN, P., Geometrical aspects of migration before stack, presented at 40th Mtg of EĂ„EG, Dublin, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Gibson, B., Larner, K. L., Solanki, J. J. and Ng, A. T. Y., Efficient 3D migration in 2 steps, presented at 4 1s t Mtg of EAEG, Hamburg, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  56. COHEN, J. K. and BLEISTEIN, N., Velocity inversion procedure for acoustic waves, Geophysics, 44, pp. 1077–87, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. COHEN, J. K. and BLEISTEIN, N., An inverse method for determining small variations in propagation speed, Soc. Ind. Appl. Math., J. Appl. Math., 32, pp. 784–99, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. KENNETT, B. L. N., Private communication, Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Cambridge, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  59. TAPPERT, F. D. and HARDIN, R. H., A synopsis of the AESD workshop on acoustic propagation modelling by non-ray tracing techniques, AD-773 741, AESD Tech. Note TN-73–05, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  60. KJARTANSSON, E., The effect of Q on bright spots, presented at 48th Ann. Mtg of SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  61. GRAY, S. H., BLEISTEIN, N. and COHEN, J. K, Direct inversion for strongly depth dependent velocity profile, Report MS-R-7902, Department of Mathematics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  62. RAZ, S., An approximate propagation speed inversion over a prescribed slab, Acoustic imaging, Vol. 9, Plenum Press, New York, in press, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Judson, D. R., Schultz, P. S. and Sherwood, J. W. C, Equalising the stacking velocities via DEVILISH, presented at 48th Ann. Mtg of SEG, San Francisco, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  64. JUDSON, D. R., LIN, J., SCHULTZ, P. S. and SHERWOOD, J. W. C., Depth migration after stack, Geophysics , 45, pp. 361–75. 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. RAYLEIGH, J. W. S. (1877). The theory of sound, Sections 107–11, Dover Publications, London, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Applied Science Publishers Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hood, P. (1981). Migration. In: Fitch, A.A. (eds) Developments in Geophysical Exploration Methods. The Developments Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8105-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8105-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8107-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8105-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics