Abstract
The ideal purpose of squint treatment is threefold: to obtain a normal and equal vision in both eyes, orthophoria in all directions of gaze and a good binocular cooperation between both eyes; this means bifoveal fusion and a good fusional range. It is often not possible to obtain this ideal. Therefore the practical aims we look for in all-day practice are to obtain a normal vision in both eyes, a cosmetically acceptable strabismus (with an angle of deviation as near to 0° as possible) and a binocular cooperation as good as possible, often limited to peripheral fusion with a little foveal suppression scotoma in the slightly deviating eye.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
ABRAHAM, S.V. — Accommodation in the amblyopic eye. Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 1961, 52, 197.
BADOCHE, J.M. et PINÇON, F. — Les secteurs dans le traitement de strabisme. Congrès de strabisme, Zermatt 1979.
BAKER, J.D. and PARKS, M.M. — Accommodative esotropia. Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 1980, 90, 11–19.
BREININ, G.W., CHIN, N.B. and RIPPS, H. — A rationale for therapy of accommodative strabismus. Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 1966, 61, 1030–1037.
BROWN, E.V.L. — Net average yearly changes in refraction of atropinized eyes from birth to beyond middle life. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1938, 19, 719–734.
BURIAN, H.M. — Hypermetropia and Esotropia. J. Ped. Ophthalmol., 1972, 9, 135–143.
BURIAN, H.M. — Comitant Strabismus. The Ohio State Med. J., 1958, 54, 173–181.
BURIAN, H.M. and VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Binocular vision and ocular motility. St. Louis, The C.V. Mosby Company, 1974.
CIANCIA, A. O. — Management of esodeviations under the age of two. Int. Opht. Clin., 1967, 6, 503–518.
CÜPPERS, C. and MÜHLENDYCK, H. — Erfahrungen mit der Penalisation. BVA Arbeitskreis Schielbehandlung, Wiesbaden 1976, Band 6, 87–104.
CÜPPERS, C. and ADELSTEIN, F. — Le traitement de la correspondance rétinienne anormale à l’aide de prismes. Ann. Ocul. (Paris), 1970, 203, 445–457.
CÜPPERS, C. and ADELSTEIN, F. — Zum problem der echten und scheinbaren Abducenslähmung (das sogenannte Blockierungssyndrom). 46. Beiheft Klin. Mbl. Aug., 1966, 270–278. F. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.
CRONE, R.A. and VAN DEN BOSCH, J.G. — The sweet and bitter fruits of orthoptic exercises. Perspectives in Opht., Vol. II, Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 171–178, 1970.
DONDERS, F.C. — Accommodation and Refraction of the eye. London, The New Sydenham Society, 1864.
DUKE-ELDER, S. — Ophtalmic Optics and refraction. Volume V, System of Ophtalmology, vol. V, p. 285. 1970, H. Kimpton, London.
DOUGLAS, A.A. — The centenary of orthoptics. Trans. Opht. Soc. U.K., 1963, 83, 559–572.
FERON, A. and VEREECKEN, E. — L’amblyopie dans la pratique privée. Bull. Soc. Belge d’Opht., 1969, 151, 363–372.
FLETCHER, M. — Strabismus Symposium Giessen. 1966, Karger Verlag Basel.
FLETCHER, M. — Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium New Orleans, 1971; The C.V. Mosby Co.
FULTON, A.B. and coll. — Cycloplegic refractions in infants and young children. Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 1980, 90, 239–247.
GOLDSCHMIDT, E. — Refraction in the newborn. Acta Ophthalmol., 1969, 47, 570–578.
GRIGNOLO, A. and RIVARA, A. — Observations biométriques sur l’oeil des enfants nés à terme et des prématures au cours de la première année. Ann. Ocul., 1968, 201, 817–826.
HAASE, W. — Optische Penalisation als therapeutisches Hilfsmittel beim frühkindlichen Strabismus. Advances in Opht., 1978, 35, 26–44. S. Karger Basel.
HAMBURGER, F.A. — Die Phorie im Dienste der Verträglichkeit von Brillen gläsern. 1976 BVA, Arbeitskreis Schielbehandlung, Band 6, 167–173, 1976, Wiesbaden.
HAYNES, H., WHITE, B.L. and HELD, R. — Visual Accommodation in Human Infants. Science, 1965, 148, 528–530.
HOWLAND, H.C., ATKINSON, J., BRADDICK, O. and FRENCH, J. — Infant astigmatism measured by photorefraction. Science, 1978, 202, 331–332.
HUBER, A. — Die Miotika in der Behandlung des Strabismus concomitans convergens. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1968, 153, 476–485.
IKEDA, I. and WRIGHT, M.J. — Neurophysiological basis for amblyopia. Brit. Orth. J., 1975, 32, 2–13.
INGRAM, R. M. — Refraction as a basis for screening children for squint and amblyopia. Brit. J. Ophthalmol., 1977, 61, 8–15.
INGRAM, R.M. and BAR, A. — Changes in refraction between the ages of 1 and 3.5 years. Brit. J. Ophthalmol., 1979, 63, 339–342.
INGRAM, R.M. — Refraction of 1 year old children after atropine cycloplegia. Brit. J. Ophthalmol., 1979, 63, 343–347.
JAMPOLSKY, A. — Strabismic Ophthalmic Symposium, New Orleans, The C.V. Mosby Co., 1977.
JAVAL, E. — Manuel théorique et pratique du strabisme. Masson, Paris 1896.
KEINER, G.G. — New viewpoints on the origin of squint. The Hague, Martinus Nyhoff, 1951.
KEITH LYLE, T.K. and BRIDGEMAN, G.J. — Worth and Chavasse’s squint. Bail-Here, Tindall and Cox, London 1959.
KNAPP, P. — Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium, New Orleans. The C.V. Mosby Co., 1977.
LAHAV-GUSS, Ch. and KAUFMANN, H. — Refraktionsänderungen im Kindesalter: Hyperopie. Kl. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1974, 164, 274–278.
LANG, J. — Mikrostrabismus. Bücherei des Augenarztes. Stuttgart, F. Enkeverlag, 1973.
LANG, J. — Strabisme. Diagnostic — Formes cliniques — Traitement. Bern, Ed. H. Huber, 1981.
LAVAT, J., PRIGENT, G., DEBROUSSE, J.Y. et PARENT, B. — Mise au point actuelle d’une technique orthoptique dans le traitement de l’ésotropie. Ann. Ocul., 1966, 7, 641–667.
LEFFERTSTRA, L.J. — Vergleichende Untersuchungen auf unterschiedliche Refraktionsänderungen beider Augen bei Patienten mit Strabismus convergens. Kl. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1977, 170, 74–79.
LEPARD, C. W. — Comparative changes in the error of refraction between fixing and amblyopic eyes during growth and development. Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 1975, 80, 485.
MOHINDRA, J. — Astigmatism in Infants. Science, 1978, 202, 329–330.
MOORE, S. — The natural course of esotropia. Amer. Orth. J., 1971, 21, 80.
OTTO — Lehrbuch und Atlas der Orthoptik. Bern, H. Huber Verlag, 1975.
OTTO J. and SAFRA, D. — Methods and results of quantitative determination of accommodation in amblyopia und strabismus. Orthopt. Past, present, Future, 1976.
PARKS, M.M. — Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium New Orleans. The C.V. Mosby Co., 1962.
PARKS, M.M. — Management of acquired esotropia. Brit. J. Ophthalmol., 1974, 58, 240–247.
PARKS, M.M. — Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium New Orleans, The C.V. Mosby Co., 1977.
PFANDL, E. — Ein Neuer Weg zur Verhinderhung der Ausbildung einer anomalen retinalen Korrespondenz bei Strabismus convergens. Acta XVIII Conc. Opht. Belgica, 1958, Vol. I, 202–203.
POLLARD, Z.F. — Accommodative esotropia during the first year of life. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1976, 94, 1912–1913.
POULIQUEN, M.P. — Zum Problem der Penalisation. Kl. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1972, 161, 130–139.
QUÉRÉ, M.A. — Die Methoden der Penalisation in der Behandlung des Strabismus convergens. Kl. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1972, 161, 140–155.
RÉTHY, I. and GAL, Zs. — Results and principles of a new method of optical correction of hypermetropia in cases of esotropia. Acta Opht., 1968, 46, 757–766.
RICHTER, S. — Untersuchungen über die Heredität des Strabismus concomitans. Abh. Geb. Aug. Thieme Verlag, Leipzig 1967, Band 35.
SLATAPER, F. J. — Age norms of refraction and vision. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1950, 43, 466–481.
SÉPULCHRE DE CONDÉ, Ch. — L’Insuffisance des cycloplégiques pour la détection de l’hypermétropie latente dans le strabisme convergent. Thèse Nancy 1973.
THEMEN, C.G.W. — De ontwikkeling van het accommodatievermogen in de eerste levensmaanden. Leiden, E. Udo N.V., 1956.
THOMAS, Ch. and SPIELMANN, A. — Accommodation et amblyopic Bull. et Mém. Soc. Fr. Opht., 1970, 83, 196–202.
VEREECKEN, E. — Le traitement de Famblyopie par l’occlusion. Bull. Soc. Belge Opht., 1965, 140, 432–444.
VEREECKEN, E., FERON, A. and EVENS, L. — Importance de la détection précoce du strabisme et de l’amblyopie. Bull. Soc. Belge Opht., 1966, 143, 729–737.
VEREECKEN, E. and ADELSTEIN, F. — Diagnostic et traitement de la «paralysie» du droit externe. Ophthalmologica, 1966, 151, 465–476.
VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium New Orleans, The Mosby Co., 1977.
VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Congrès de strabisme, Zermatt 1980.
WORTHAM, C. — The Increase in Hypermetropia in children? Brit. Orth. J., 1978, 35, 83–90.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Belgian Society of Ophthalmology, Leuven, Belgium
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vereecken, E. (1982). The Conservative Treatment of Squint. In: Evens, L. (eds) Convergent Strabismus. Monographs in Ophthalmology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8024-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8024-2_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8026-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8024-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive