Skip to main content

Symptomatology

  • Chapter
Convergent Strabismus

Part of the book series: Monographs in Ophthalmology ((MIOP,volume 6))

  • 64 Accesses

Abstract

In strabismus there exists a pathological deviation of the position of one eye with respect to the other. For a closer definition, it is first necessary to describe the normal eye position.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. ABRAHAM, S.V. — Classification of non-paralytic strabismus. Amer. J. Ophthal., 1949, 32, 93–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. ADELSTEIN, F.E., CüPPERS, C. — Zum Problem der echten und der scheinbaren Abducenslähmung (Das sogenannte “Blockierungssyndrom”). Bücherei des Augenarztes,1966, 46, 318–324. F. Enke, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  3. ADLER, F.H. — Pathologic physiology of convergent Strabismus. Arch. Ophthal., 1945, 33, 362–380.

    Google Scholar 

  4. BAGOLINI, B., CAPOBIANCO, N.M. — Subjective space in comitant squint. Amer. J. Ophthal., 1965, 59, 430–442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. BAGOLINI, B. — Sensorial anomalies in strabismus. Docum. Ophthal., 1976, 41 1, 23–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. BAKER, J.D., PARKS, M.M. — Early onset accommodative esotropia. Amer. J. Ophthal., 1980, 90, 11–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. BEEK, C.J. Van — Over de frequentie van het strabismussyndroom en enkele consequenties daarvan. Thesis Utrecht, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  8. BEHRENS-BAUMANN, W., WöLZ, U. — Ergebnisse der “Fadenfixation” nach Cüppers bei Schielern mit schwankendem Winkel. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1978, 173, 814–824.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. BIELSCHOWSKY, A. — Die einseitigen und gegensinnigen (“dissoziierten”) Vertikalbewegungen der Augen. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1930, 125, 493–553.

    Google Scholar 

  10. CHAVASSE, F.B. — Worth’s Squint, 7th ed. Balliere, Tindall & Cox, London 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ciancia, A. O. — Sensorial relationship in A and V syndromes. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 1962, 82, 243–251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. CIANCIA, A.O. — La esotropia con limitatión bilateral de la abducción en al lactante. Arch. Oftal. B. Aires, 1962, 37, 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. COLENBRANDER, M.C. — Ontdekking van de accommodatie als oorzaak van scheelzien. Maandschr. Kindergeneesk., 1955, 23, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  14. CORCELLE, M.L. — Séméiologie du signe du stop. Bull. Soc. Ophtal. France, 1962, 62, 303–305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. COSTENBADER, F.D. — Clinical course and management of esotropia. Strabismus ophthalmic symposium II, ed. J.H. Allen, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  16. COSTIN, A., CHAIMOVITZ, M., BERGMANN, F. — Nystagmus evoked by intermittent photic stimulation of the rabbit’s eye. Experientia, 1965, 21, 167–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. CREEL, D. J., WITKOP, C.J., KING, R.A. — Asymmetric visual evoked potentials in human albinos: evidence for visual system anomalies. Invest. Ophthal., 1974, 13, 430.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. CRONE, R.A. — Alternating hyperphoria. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1954, 38, 591–604.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. CRONE, R.A., VELZEBOER, C.M.J. — Statistics on strabismus in the Amsterdam youth. Arch. Ophthal., 1956, 55, 455–470.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. CRONE, R.A. — From orthophoria to microtropia. Brit. Orthopt. J., 1969, 26, 45–51.

    Google Scholar 

  21. CRONE, R.A. — Diplopia (1973). Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam; American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  22. CRONE, R. A. — Amblyopia, the pathology of motor disorders in amblyopic eyes. Documenta Ophthal. Proc. Series, 1977, 11, 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  23. CRONE, R.A. — Anomale Korrespondenz und anomales Binokularsehen. Bücherei des Augenarztes 72, 1978, 49–62. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  24. CRONE, R.A. — Les composantes torsionelles et verticales dans les troubles oculomoteurs. J. Fr. Orthop., 1981, 13, 79–89.

    Google Scholar 

  25. CRONE, R.A. — Anomalous and normal motor fusion in esophoria and microesotropia. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 1980, 100, 464–466.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. CüPPERS, C. — Ergänzungen zur Indikation der Fadenoperation. Arbeitskreis Schielbehandlung 9, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  27. DALEN, J.T.W. Van — Flash induced nystagmus. Thesis Amsterdam 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  28. DECKER, W. De, FEUERHAKE, C. — Schielen bei eineiigen Zwillingen. Deutsche Ophthal. Ges., Band 75, Kongress 1977. Bergmann, München 1978, p. 490–493.

    Google Scholar 

  29. DOUGLAS, A.A. — Value of orthoptics in the treatment of squint. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1952, 36, 169–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. DUFIER, J.L., BRIARD, M.L., BONAITI, C., FREZAL, J. — Inheritance in the etiology of convergent squint. Ophthalmologica, 1979, 179, 225–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. FINK, W.H. — Surgery of the vertical muscles of the eye. Thomas, Springfield, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  32. FRANDSEN, A.D. — Occurrence of squint. Thesis Copenhagen 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  33. GOBIN, M.H. — Cyclotropia and squint. Thesis Leiden 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  34. GOBIN, M.H. — La sagittalisation des obliques. J. Fr. Orthopt., 1979, 11, 153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  35. GOVER, YANKEY (1944). cit. Duke-Elder, System of Ophthalmology vol. IV, 1973, p. 584. Henry Kimpton, London.

    Google Scholar 

  36. GREGERSEN, E., PONTOPPIDAN, J., RINDZIUNSKI, E. — Intra- and interindividual variation in atropine-resistent residual accommodation. Strabismus Proc. third Meeting LS.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 117–121. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  37. GRüTZNER, P., YAZAWA, K., SPIVEY, B.E. — Heredity and strabismus. Survey Ophthal., 1970, 14, 441–455.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. GUYTON, D.L., VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Sensory adaptations to cyclodeviations. Strabismus, Proc. third Meeting LS.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 399–403. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  39. HELVESTON, E.M., VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Microtropia: a newly defined entity. Arch. Ophthal., 1967, 78, 272–281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. HELVESTON, E.M. — Cyclic strabismus. Amer. Orthopt. J., 1973, 23, 48–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. HENSON, D.B., WILLIAMS, D.E. — Depth perception in strabismus. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1980, 64, 349–353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. HOLM, S. — Le strabisme concomitant chez les palénégrides au Gabon, Afrique équatoriale française. Acta Ophthal., 1939, 17, 367–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. ING, M., COSTENBADER, F.D., PARKS, M.M., ALBERT, D.G. — Early surgery for congenital esotropia. Amer. J. Ophthal, 1966, 61, 1419–1427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. ING, M.R., PANG, S.W.L. — The racial distribution of strabismus. Strabismus, Proc. third Meeting LS.A., Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 107–109. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  45. ISHIKAWA, S. — Latent nystagmus and its etiology. Strabismus, Proc. third Meeting I.S.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 203–214. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  46. JAMPOLSKY, A. — Characteristics of suppression in strabismus. Arch. Ophthal, 1955, 54, 683–696.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. JOHNSTON, A.W. — Clinical horopter determination and the mechanism of binocular vision in anomalous correspondence. Ophthalmologica, 1971, 163, 102–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. KEINER, G.B.J. — New viewpoints on the origin of squint. Tjeenk Willink, Zwolle, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  49. KETTESY, A. — Die Brille als Heilmittel des Schielens. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1972, 161, 160–164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. LANG, J. — Der kongenitale oder frühkindliche Strabismus. Ophthalmologica, 1967, 154, 201–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lang, J. — Welche Schielfälle können geheilt werden? Ophthalmologica, 1968, 156, 190–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. LANG, J. — Strabismus. Huber; Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  53. LANG, J. — Mikrostrabismus. Bücherei des Augenarztes 62, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  54. LANTHONY, PH., ITHIER, N., PICARD, M.P. — Les jumeaux strabiques. J. Franc. Orthopt., 1977, 9, 93–100.

    Google Scholar 

  55. LOCKE, J.C. — Heterotopia of the blind spot in ocular vertical muscle imbalance. Tr. Amer. Ophthal. Soc., 1967, 65, 306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. MADDOX, E.E. — Discussion on heterophoria. Trans. Ophthal Soc. U.K., 1929, 49, 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  57. MAILLETTE DE BUY WENNIGER-PRICK, L.J.J.M. — Binoculair zien bij microstrabismus. Thesis, Amsterdam 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  58. MARAINI, G., PASINO, L. — Variations in the angle of anomaly and fusional movements in cases of small-angle convergent strabismus with harmonious anomalous retinal correspondence. Brit. J. Ophthal, 1964, 48, 439–443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. MCCORMACK, G.L. — Electrophysiologic evidence for normal optic nerve fiber projections in normally pigmented squinters. Invest. Ophthal, 1975, 14, 931–935.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. MüHLENDYCK, H., LINNEN, H.J. — Die operative Behandlung nystagmusbe/dingter schwankender Schielwinkel mit der Fadenoperation nach Cüppers. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1975, 167, 273–290.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. NOORDENBOS, A.M., CRONE, R.A. — Motor fusion in small-angle esotropia. Orthoptics: Past, presence, future. 3rd Int. Orthoptic Congress, Boston 1975, Eds. S. Moore et al. Stratton, New York 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  62. PIPER, H.F. — Die Schielkrankheit. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1948, 148, 555–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. POLLARD, Z.F. — Accommodative esotropia during the first year of life. Arch. Ophthal., 1976, 94, 1912–1913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. QUERé, M.A., DELPLAGE, M.P. — Les troubles opto-moteurs dans les strabismes et les paralysies oculomotrices. Ann. Oculist., 1973, 206, 449–475.

    Google Scholar 

  65. QUERé, M. A., CLERGEAU, G., FONTENAILLE, N. — Die Lähmungsdyssynergien. Die Schieldyssynergien und das Cüppersche Syndrom. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1965, 167, 162–178.

    Google Scholar 

  66. QUERé, M.A., PECHEREAU, A., CLERGEAU, G. — La nouvelle chirurgie des esotropies fonctionnelles. Opération du fil et techniques classiques. J. franç. Ophtal, 1978, 1, 51–60, 151–161, 221–228.

    Google Scholar 

  67. RéTHY, S., GAL, S. — Ergebnisse der konservativen Schielbehandlung durch Überkorrektur der manifesten Hypermetropie. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1967, 150, 170–180.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. RICHTER, S. — Untersuchungen über die Heredität des Strabismus concomitans. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Augenheilkunde 23. Thieme, Leipzig 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  69. RICHTER, S. — Untersuchungen über binokulare Funktionen bei Lähmungsschielen. Ophthalmologica, 1969, 159, 328–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. SANJOTO HARDJOWIJOTO: personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  71. SCHLOSSMAN, A., PRIESTLEY, B.S. — Role of heredity in etiology and treatment of strabismus. Arch. Ophthal., 1952, 47, 1–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. SHLAER, R. — Shift in binocular disparity causes compensatory change in the cortical structure of kittens. Science, 1971, 173, 638–641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. SPIELMANN, A., LAUDAN, J. — Action of recessions and resections when associated with Cüppers’ Fadenoperation in esotropia. Statistical results. Strabismus. Proc. third Meeting I.S.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 355–369. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  74. STONE, J., FUKUDA, Y. — The naso-temporal division of the cat’s retina re-examined in terms of Y-, X- and W-cells. J. Comp. Neurol., 1974, 755, 377–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. STRAUB, M. — Über die Aetiologie der Brechungsanomalien des Auges und den Ursprung der Emmetropie. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1909, 70, 130–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. TAYLOR, D.M. — Congenital Strabismus. The common sense approach. Arch. Ophthal., 1967, 77, 478–484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. THEMEN, C.G.W. — De ontwikkeling van het accommodatie-vermogen in de eerste levensmaanden. Thesis Leiden, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  78. URRETS-ZAVALíA, A., SOLARES-ZAMORA, J., OLMOS, H.R. — Anthropological studies on the nature of cyclovertical squint. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1961, 45, 578–596.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. VLIET, A.G.M. Van — Nystagmus latens. Van Gorcum, Assen, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  80. VRIES, B. DE, HOUTMAN, W.A. — Squint in monozygotic twins. Documenta Ophthal., 1979, 46, 305–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. WAARDENBURG, P.J. — Squint and heredity. Docum. Ophthal., 1954, VII-VIII, 422–494.

    Google Scholar 

  82. WEEKERS, R., MONREAU, P., HACOURT, J., ANDRé, A. — Contribution à l’étiologie du strabisme concomitant et de Pamblyopie par l’étude de jumeaux unis et bivitellins. Bull. Soc. Belge Ophtal., 1956, 112, 146–172.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. WEISS, J.B. — Syndrome d’extorsion. Bull. Soc. Ophtal. Fr., 1966, 66, 585–586.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. WEISS, J.B., MENAGER, P. — Spasme et contracture spasmodique chez le strabisme convergent. Bull. et Mem. Soc. Fr. Ophtal., 1967, 80, 548.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. WEISS, J.B. — Le «blocage» existe-t-il? J. Franç. Ophtal., 1979, 2, 715–722.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. WIBAUT, F. — Über die Emmetropisation und den Ursprung der sphärischen Refractionsanomalien. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1926, 116, 596–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. WORTH, C. — Squint. Its causes, pathology and treatment. 6th ed. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London 1929.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Belgian Society of Ophthalmology, Leuven, Belgium

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Crone, R.A. (1982). Symptomatology. In: Evens, L. (eds) Convergent Strabismus. Monographs in Ophthalmology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8024-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8024-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8026-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8024-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics