Abstract
In strabismus there exists a pathological deviation of the position of one eye with respect to the other. For a closer definition, it is first necessary to describe the normal eye position.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
ABRAHAM, S.V. — Classification of non-paralytic strabismus. Amer. J. Ophthal., 1949, 32, 93–98.
ADELSTEIN, F.E., CüPPERS, C. — Zum Problem der echten und der scheinbaren Abducenslähmung (Das sogenannte “Blockierungssyndrom”). Bücherei des Augenarztes,1966, 46, 318–324. F. Enke, Stuttgart.
ADLER, F.H. — Pathologic physiology of convergent Strabismus. Arch. Ophthal., 1945, 33, 362–380.
BAGOLINI, B., CAPOBIANCO, N.M. — Subjective space in comitant squint. Amer. J. Ophthal., 1965, 59, 430–442.
BAGOLINI, B. — Sensorial anomalies in strabismus. Docum. Ophthal., 1976, 41 1, 23–43.
BAKER, J.D., PARKS, M.M. — Early onset accommodative esotropia. Amer. J. Ophthal., 1980, 90, 11–18.
BEEK, C.J. Van — Over de frequentie van het strabismussyndroom en enkele consequenties daarvan. Thesis Utrecht, 1964.
BEHRENS-BAUMANN, W., WöLZ, U. — Ergebnisse der “Fadenfixation” nach Cüppers bei Schielern mit schwankendem Winkel. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1978, 173, 814–824.
BIELSCHOWSKY, A. — Die einseitigen und gegensinnigen (“dissoziierten”) Vertikalbewegungen der Augen. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1930, 125, 493–553.
CHAVASSE, F.B. — Worth’s Squint, 7th ed. Balliere, Tindall & Cox, London 1939.
Ciancia, A. O. — Sensorial relationship in A and V syndromes. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 1962, 82, 243–251.
CIANCIA, A.O. — La esotropia con limitatión bilateral de la abducción en al lactante. Arch. Oftal. B. Aires, 1962, 37, 207.
COLENBRANDER, M.C. — Ontdekking van de accommodatie als oorzaak van scheelzien. Maandschr. Kindergeneesk., 1955, 23, 2.
CORCELLE, M.L. — Séméiologie du signe du stop. Bull. Soc. Ophtal. France, 1962, 62, 303–305.
COSTENBADER, F.D. — Clinical course and management of esotropia. Strabismus ophthalmic symposium II, ed. J.H. Allen, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, 1958.
COSTIN, A., CHAIMOVITZ, M., BERGMANN, F. — Nystagmus evoked by intermittent photic stimulation of the rabbit’s eye. Experientia, 1965, 21, 167–168.
CREEL, D. J., WITKOP, C.J., KING, R.A. — Asymmetric visual evoked potentials in human albinos: evidence for visual system anomalies. Invest. Ophthal., 1974, 13, 430.
CRONE, R.A. — Alternating hyperphoria. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1954, 38, 591–604.
CRONE, R.A., VELZEBOER, C.M.J. — Statistics on strabismus in the Amsterdam youth. Arch. Ophthal., 1956, 55, 455–470.
CRONE, R.A. — From orthophoria to microtropia. Brit. Orthopt. J., 1969, 26, 45–51.
CRONE, R.A. — Diplopia (1973). Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam; American Elsevier, New York.
CRONE, R. A. — Amblyopia, the pathology of motor disorders in amblyopic eyes. Documenta Ophthal. Proc. Series, 1977, 11, 9–18.
CRONE, R.A. — Anomale Korrespondenz und anomales Binokularsehen. Bücherei des Augenarztes 72, 1978, 49–62. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.
CRONE, R.A. — Les composantes torsionelles et verticales dans les troubles oculomoteurs. J. Fr. Orthop., 1981, 13, 79–89.
CRONE, R.A. — Anomalous and normal motor fusion in esophoria and microesotropia. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 1980, 100, 464–466.
CüPPERS, C. — Ergänzungen zur Indikation der Fadenoperation. Arbeitskreis Schielbehandlung 9, 1977.
DALEN, J.T.W. Van — Flash induced nystagmus. Thesis Amsterdam 1978.
DECKER, W. De, FEUERHAKE, C. — Schielen bei eineiigen Zwillingen. Deutsche Ophthal. Ges., Band 75, Kongress 1977. Bergmann, München 1978, p. 490–493.
DOUGLAS, A.A. — Value of orthoptics in the treatment of squint. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1952, 36, 169–201.
DUFIER, J.L., BRIARD, M.L., BONAITI, C., FREZAL, J. — Inheritance in the etiology of convergent squint. Ophthalmologica, 1979, 179, 225–234.
FINK, W.H. — Surgery of the vertical muscles of the eye. Thomas, Springfield, 1951.
FRANDSEN, A.D. — Occurrence of squint. Thesis Copenhagen 1960.
GOBIN, M.H. — Cyclotropia and squint. Thesis Leiden 1969.
GOBIN, M.H. — La sagittalisation des obliques. J. Fr. Orthopt., 1979, 11, 153–165.
GOVER, YANKEY (1944). cit. Duke-Elder, System of Ophthalmology vol. IV, 1973, p. 584. Henry Kimpton, London.
GREGERSEN, E., PONTOPPIDAN, J., RINDZIUNSKI, E. — Intra- and interindividual variation in atropine-resistent residual accommodation. Strabismus Proc. third Meeting LS.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 117–121. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978.
GRüTZNER, P., YAZAWA, K., SPIVEY, B.E. — Heredity and strabismus. Survey Ophthal., 1970, 14, 441–455.
GUYTON, D.L., VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Sensory adaptations to cyclodeviations. Strabismus, Proc. third Meeting LS.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 399–403. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978.
HELVESTON, E.M., VON NOORDEN, G.K. — Microtropia: a newly defined entity. Arch. Ophthal., 1967, 78, 272–281.
HELVESTON, E.M. — Cyclic strabismus. Amer. Orthopt. J., 1973, 23, 48–51.
HENSON, D.B., WILLIAMS, D.E. — Depth perception in strabismus. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1980, 64, 349–353.
HOLM, S. — Le strabisme concomitant chez les palénégrides au Gabon, Afrique équatoriale française. Acta Ophthal., 1939, 17, 367–387.
ING, M., COSTENBADER, F.D., PARKS, M.M., ALBERT, D.G. — Early surgery for congenital esotropia. Amer. J. Ophthal, 1966, 61, 1419–1427.
ING, M.R., PANG, S.W.L. — The racial distribution of strabismus. Strabismus, Proc. third Meeting LS.A., Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 107–109. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London 1978.
ISHIKAWA, S. — Latent nystagmus and its etiology. Strabismus, Proc. third Meeting I.S.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 203–214. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978.
JAMPOLSKY, A. — Characteristics of suppression in strabismus. Arch. Ophthal, 1955, 54, 683–696.
JOHNSTON, A.W. — Clinical horopter determination and the mechanism of binocular vision in anomalous correspondence. Ophthalmologica, 1971, 163, 102–119.
KEINER, G.B.J. — New viewpoints on the origin of squint. Tjeenk Willink, Zwolle, 1951.
KETTESY, A. — Die Brille als Heilmittel des Schielens. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1972, 161, 160–164.
LANG, J. — Der kongenitale oder frühkindliche Strabismus. Ophthalmologica, 1967, 154, 201–208.
Lang, J. — Welche Schielfälle können geheilt werden? Ophthalmologica, 1968, 156, 190–196.
LANG, J. — Strabismus. Huber; Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1971.
LANG, J. — Mikrostrabismus. Bücherei des Augenarztes 62, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1973.
LANTHONY, PH., ITHIER, N., PICARD, M.P. — Les jumeaux strabiques. J. Franc. Orthopt., 1977, 9, 93–100.
LOCKE, J.C. — Heterotopia of the blind spot in ocular vertical muscle imbalance. Tr. Amer. Ophthal. Soc., 1967, 65, 306.
MADDOX, E.E. — Discussion on heterophoria. Trans. Ophthal Soc. U.K., 1929, 49, 31–44.
MAILLETTE DE BUY WENNIGER-PRICK, L.J.J.M. — Binoculair zien bij microstrabismus. Thesis, Amsterdam 1981.
MARAINI, G., PASINO, L. — Variations in the angle of anomaly and fusional movements in cases of small-angle convergent strabismus with harmonious anomalous retinal correspondence. Brit. J. Ophthal, 1964, 48, 439–443.
MCCORMACK, G.L. — Electrophysiologic evidence for normal optic nerve fiber projections in normally pigmented squinters. Invest. Ophthal, 1975, 14, 931–935.
MüHLENDYCK, H., LINNEN, H.J. — Die operative Behandlung nystagmusbe/dingter schwankender Schielwinkel mit der Fadenoperation nach Cüppers. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1975, 167, 273–290.
NOORDENBOS, A.M., CRONE, R.A. — Motor fusion in small-angle esotropia. Orthoptics: Past, presence, future. 3rd Int. Orthoptic Congress, Boston 1975, Eds. S. Moore et al. Stratton, New York 1976.
PIPER, H.F. — Die Schielkrankheit. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1948, 148, 555–616.
POLLARD, Z.F. — Accommodative esotropia during the first year of life. Arch. Ophthal., 1976, 94, 1912–1913.
QUERé, M.A., DELPLAGE, M.P. — Les troubles opto-moteurs dans les strabismes et les paralysies oculomotrices. Ann. Oculist., 1973, 206, 449–475.
QUERé, M. A., CLERGEAU, G., FONTENAILLE, N. — Die Lähmungsdyssynergien. Die Schieldyssynergien und das Cüppersche Syndrom. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1965, 167, 162–178.
QUERé, M.A., PECHEREAU, A., CLERGEAU, G. — La nouvelle chirurgie des esotropies fonctionnelles. Opération du fil et techniques classiques. J. franç. Ophtal, 1978, 1, 51–60, 151–161, 221–228.
RéTHY, S., GAL, S. — Ergebnisse der konservativen Schielbehandlung durch Überkorrektur der manifesten Hypermetropie. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1967, 150, 170–180.
RICHTER, S. — Untersuchungen über die Heredität des Strabismus concomitans. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Augenheilkunde 23. Thieme, Leipzig 1967.
RICHTER, S. — Untersuchungen über binokulare Funktionen bei Lähmungsschielen. Ophthalmologica, 1969, 159, 328–332.
SANJOTO HARDJOWIJOTO: personal communication.
SCHLOSSMAN, A., PRIESTLEY, B.S. — Role of heredity in etiology and treatment of strabismus. Arch. Ophthal., 1952, 47, 1–20.
SHLAER, R. — Shift in binocular disparity causes compensatory change in the cortical structure of kittens. Science, 1971, 173, 638–641.
SPIELMANN, A., LAUDAN, J. — Action of recessions and resections when associated with Cüppers’ Fadenoperation in esotropia. Statistical results. Strabismus. Proc. third Meeting I.S.A. Ed. R.D. Reinecke, p. 355–369. Grune and Stratton, New York, San Francisco, London 1978.
STONE, J., FUKUDA, Y. — The naso-temporal division of the cat’s retina re-examined in terms of Y-, X- and W-cells. J. Comp. Neurol., 1974, 755, 377–394.
STRAUB, M. — Über die Aetiologie der Brechungsanomalien des Auges und den Ursprung der Emmetropie. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1909, 70, 130–199.
TAYLOR, D.M. — Congenital Strabismus. The common sense approach. Arch. Ophthal., 1967, 77, 478–484.
THEMEN, C.G.W. — De ontwikkeling van het accommodatie-vermogen in de eerste levensmaanden. Thesis Leiden, 1956.
URRETS-ZAVALíA, A., SOLARES-ZAMORA, J., OLMOS, H.R. — Anthropological studies on the nature of cyclovertical squint. Brit. J. Ophthal., 1961, 45, 578–596.
VLIET, A.G.M. Van — Nystagmus latens. Van Gorcum, Assen, 1966.
VRIES, B. DE, HOUTMAN, W.A. — Squint in monozygotic twins. Documenta Ophthal., 1979, 46, 305–308.
WAARDENBURG, P.J. — Squint and heredity. Docum. Ophthal., 1954, VII-VIII, 422–494.
WEEKERS, R., MONREAU, P., HACOURT, J., ANDRé, A. — Contribution à l’étiologie du strabisme concomitant et de Pamblyopie par l’étude de jumeaux unis et bivitellins. Bull. Soc. Belge Ophtal., 1956, 112, 146–172.
WEISS, J.B. — Syndrome d’extorsion. Bull. Soc. Ophtal. Fr., 1966, 66, 585–586.
WEISS, J.B., MENAGER, P. — Spasme et contracture spasmodique chez le strabisme convergent. Bull. et Mem. Soc. Fr. Ophtal., 1967, 80, 548.
WEISS, J.B. — Le «blocage» existe-t-il? J. Franç. Ophtal., 1979, 2, 715–722.
WIBAUT, F. — Über die Emmetropisation und den Ursprung der sphärischen Refractionsanomalien. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1926, 116, 596–612.
WORTH, C. — Squint. Its causes, pathology and treatment. 6th ed. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London 1929.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Belgian Society of Ophthalmology, Leuven, Belgium
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Crone, R.A. (1982). Symptomatology. In: Evens, L. (eds) Convergent Strabismus. Monographs in Ophthalmology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8024-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8024-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8026-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8024-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive