Abstract
To understand the nature of sediment-associated nutrient and contaminant transport dynamics in fluvial systems, a stormflow sampling program of suspended solids is reported for one water year in a representative rural diffuse source catchment of southeastern Ontario. Bulk samples of subsieve suspended solids were obtained using field-portable continuous-flow centrifuge apparatus. The physical and geochemical properties of suspended solids show no significant intersite differences over reaches of 1 500–2 000 m, yet display distinctive seasonal trends. Systematic seasonal changes in particle size, organic content, and Ca, P, Mn, Al, Ti, Fe, and K appear to reflect the changing role of partial area hydrology. Ca, P, and Mn are bioaccumulated by stream algae. Mineral signature is relatively constant over the year.
This article first appeared in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Volume 18, pp. 1365–1379 (1981). Permission of the copyright holders to reprint the article is gratefully acknowledged.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allan, R. J., 1979. Sediment-related fluvial transmission of contaminants: some advances by 1979. Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Scientific Series No. 107. 24 p.
Angino, E. E. & Schneider, H., 1975. Trace element, mineralogy, and size distribution of suspended material samples from selected rivers in eastern Kansas. Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, Contribution No. 169.
Angino, E. E., Magnuson, L. M., Waugh, T. C. & Evans, T., 1972. Partition coefficients for Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, between river water and suspended load of selected Kansas river systems. Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, Contribution No. 80.
Angino, E. E., Magnuson, L. M. & Waugh, T. C., 1974. Mineralogy of suspended sediment and concentration of Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb in water and Fe, Mn, and Pb in suspended load of selected Kansas streams. Wat. Resour. Res. 10: 1187–1191.
Baker, D. B. & Kramer, J. W., 1973. Phosphorus sources and transport in an agricultural basin of Lake Erie. Proc. 16th Conf. on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Huron, OH, pp. 858–871.
Berg, N. A. & Johnson, M. G., 1978. Environmental management strategy for the Great Lakes system. Final report of the Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont. 115 pp.
Bjerkelund, I. E. & Ongley, E. D., 1980. Heavy metal uptake by Cladophora below the Guelph sewage treatment plant, Ontario. Abstracts, 23rd Conf. on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Kingston, Ont., p. 49.
Bormann, F. H., Likens, G. E., Siccama, T. G., Pierce, R. S. & Eaton, J. S., 1974. The export of nutrients and recovery of stable conditions following deforestation at Hubbard Brook. Ecol. Monogr. 44: 255–277.
Burton, T. M., Turner, R. R. & Harriss, R. C., 1977. Suspended and dissolved solids exports from three north Florida watersheds in contrasting land use. In: Correll, D. L. (Ed.) Watershed research in Eastern North America, Vol. 2, pp. 471–485. Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, M. D.
Bynoe, M. C., 1979. Spatial and temporal trends in the fluvial transport of associated heavy metals in Wilton Creek, south-eastern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Culbertson, J. K., Scott, C. H. & Bennett, J. P., 1972. Summary of alluvial-channel data from Rio Grande conveyance channel, New Mexico. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 562-J. 49 pp.
De Groot, A. J., 1973. Occurrence and behaviour of heavy metals in river deltas with special reference to the Rhine and Ems Rivers. In: North Sea Science, pp. 308–325. M. I. T. Press, Cambridge, MS.
Dell, C. I., 1973. A quantitative mineralogical examination of the clay-size fraction of Lake Superior sediments. Proc. 16th Conf. on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Huron, OH, pp. 413–420.
Demayo, A., Davis, A. R. & Forbes, M. A., 1978. Forms of metals in water. Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Scientific Series No. 87.
Dickinson, W. T., Scott, A. & Wall, G., 1975. Fluvial sedimentation in southern Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sc. 12: 1813–1819.
Eager, R. J., 1975. Bank erosion on Wilton Creek in southeastern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Fitzgerald, G. P., 1975. Analysis of Cladophora. Shear, H. & Konasewich D. E. (Eds.) Cladophora in the Great Lakes, pp. 101 - 123. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.
Forstner, U., 1977. Forms and sediment associations of nutrients (C, N, and P), pesticides and metals: trace metals. In: Shear, H. & Watson, A. E. P. (Eds.) The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants, pp. 219–233. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.
Gardner, J., 1974. The chemistry of cadmium in natural water — II. The adsorption of cadmium on river muds and naturally occurring solids. Wat. Res. 8: 157–164.
Gibbs, R. J., 1973. Mechanisms of trace metal transport in rivers, Science 180: 71–73.
Gibbs, R. J., 1977. Transport phases of transition metals in the Amazon and Yukon Rivers. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88: 829–843.
Golterman, H. L. (Ed.) 1977a. Interactions Between Sediments and Fresh Water. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, 473 pp.
Golterman, H. L., 1977b. Sediments as a source of phosphate for algal growth. In: Golterman, H. L. (Ed.), pp. 286–293. Interactions between Sediments and Fresh Water. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
Jackson, T. A., 1978. The biogeochemistry of heavy metals in polluted lakes and streams at Flin Flon, Canada, and a proposed method for limiting heavy metal pollution of natural waters. Envir. Geol. 2: 173–189.
Jennett, J. C. & Wixson, B. G., 1975. The new lead belt: aquatic metal pathways-control. In: Int. Conf. on Heavy Metals in the Environment, Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 2, pp. 247–255.
Johns, W. D., Grim, R. E. & Bradley, W. F., 1954. Quantitative estimation of clay minerals by diffraction methods. J. sedim. Petrol. 24: 242–251.
Johnson, A. H., Bouldin, D. R., Goyette, E. A. & Hedges, A. M., 1976. Phosphorus loss by stream transport from a rural watershed: quantities, processes, and sources. J. envir. Qual. 5: 148–157.
Jonasson, I., 1977. Geochemistry of sediment/ water interaction of nutrients, pesticides, including observations on availability: metals. In: Shear, H. & Watson, R. E. P. (Eds.). The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants, pp. 255–271. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.
Karickhoff, S. W. & Brown, D. S., 1978. Paraquat sorption as a function of particle size in natural sediments. J. envir. Qual. 7: 246–252.
Keeney, W. L., Breck, W. G., Van Loon, G. W. & Page, J. A., 1976. The determination of Cladophora glomeratae - C. glomerata as a potential biological monitor. Wat. Res. 10: 981–984.
Kemp, A. L. W., Thomas, R. L., Dell, C. I. & Jaquet, J-M., 1976. Cultural impact on the geochemistry of sediments in Lake Erie. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 33: 440–462.
Ketcheson, J. W., Dickinson, T. & Chisholm, P. S., 1973. Potential contributions of sediment from agricultural land. In: Fluvial Processes and Sedimentation, Proc. of Hydrology Symposium, Edmonton, Alta., pp. 184–191.
Keup, L. E., 1968. Phosphorus in flowing waters. Wat. Res. 2: 373–386.
Kodama, H., Scott, G. C. & Miles, N. M., 1977. X-ray quantitative analysis of minerals in soils. Soil Research Institute, Agriculture Canada. 149 pp.
Krank, K. & Milligan, T., 1979. The use of the Coulter counter in studies of particle size distributions in aquatic environments. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S., Report Series/Bl-R-79-7. 48 pp.
Lewms, 1975. Preliminary feasibility report, Vol. I. Lake Erie Wastewater Management Study, Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, Buffalo, NY. 114 pp.
Logan, T. J., 1978. Chemical and mineralogical indices of sediment transformation during fluvial transport. In: Davidson-Arnott, R. & Nickling, W. (Eds.) Research in Fluvial Systems, pp. 199 - 208. GeoBooks, GeoAbstracts, Norwich, U.K.
Logan, T. J., Oloya, T. O. & Yaksich, S. M., 1979. Phosphate characteristics and bioavailability of suspended sediments from streams draining into Lake Erie J. Great Lakes Res.: 112–123.
Lund, L. J., Kohnke, H. & Paulet, M., 1972. An interpretation of reservoir sedimentation: II. Clay mineralogy. J. envir. Qual. 1: 303–337.
McKeague, J. A., 1976. Manual on soil sampling and methods of analysis. Soil Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture.
Moore, J. E., 1961. Petrography of northeastern Lake Michigan bottom sediments. J. sedim. Petrol. 31: 402–436.
Nabhan, H. M., Sys, C. & Stoops, G., 1969. Mineralogical study of the suspended matter in the Nile water. Pédologie 19: 30–38.
O’Neill, J. E., 1979. Pollution from urban land use in the Grand and Saugeen watersheds. Technical report of the Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont. 55 pp.
Ongley, E. D., 1978. Quantitative recovery of suspended solids by continuous-flow centrifugation. Abstracts, 10th Int. Congr. on Sedimentology, Jerusalem, Vol. 2, pp. 487–488.
Ongley, E. D. & Blachford, D. P., 1982. Applications of continuous-flow centrifugation to contaminant analysis of suspended sediment in fluvial systems. Envir. Techn. Letters (in press).
Packham, R. F., Rosaman, D. & Midgley, H. G., 1960. A mineralogical examination of suspended solids from nine English rivers. Clay Minerals Bull. 4: 239–242.
Percival, J. B., 1979. The spatial and temporal flux of sediment- related phosphorus, clay mineralogy and soluble anions in Wilton Creek, southeastern Ontario. M. Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Perhac, R. M., 1972. Distribution of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in dissolved and particulate solids from two streams in Tennessee. J. Hydrol. 15: 177–185.
Pierce, J. W. & Dulong, F. T., 1977. Discharge of suspended particulates from Rhode River subwatersheds. In: Correll, D. L. (Ed.) Watershed Research in Eastern North America, Vol. 2, pp. 531–553. Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, MD.
Pionke, H. B. & Chesters, G., 1973. Pesticide — sediment — water interactions. J. envir. Qual. 2: 29–45.
Rigler, F. H., 1979. The export of phosphorus from Dartmoor catchments: a model to explain variations of phosphorus concentrations in streamwater. J. mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 59: 659–687.
Ryden, J. C., Syers, J. K. & Harris, R. F., 1973. Phosphorus in runoff and streams. Adv. Agron. 25: 1–45.
Shear, H. & Watson, A. E. P., (Eds.), 1977. The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants. International Joint Commission. Windsor, Ont. 309 pp.
Syers, J. K., Harris, R. F. & Armstrong, D. E., 1973. Phosphate chemistry in lake sediments. J. envir. Qual. 2: 1–14.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C. & Bisson, M., 1980. Trace metal speciation in the Yamaska and St. François Rivers (Quebec). Can. J. Earth. Sci. 17: 90–105.
Turner, R. R., Lindberg, S. E. & Talbot, K., 1977. Dynamics of trace element export from a deciduous watershed, Walker Branch, Tennessee. In: Correll, D. L. (Ed.) Watershed Research in Eastern North America, Vol. 2, pp. 661–681. Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, MD.
Volbroth, A., 1969. Elemental Analysis in Geochemistry. Elsevier, New York.
Wall, G. J. & Wilding, L. P., 1976. Mineralogy and related parameters of fluvial suspended sediments in north-western Ohio. J. envir. Qual. 5: 168–173.
Water Survey of Canada, 1969. Sediment data for Canadian rivers. Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ont.
Weber, J. B., 1977. Geochemistry of sediment/water interactions of nutrients, pesticides and metals, including observations on availability: pesticides. In: Shear, H. & Watson, A. E. P. (Eds.). The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants, pp. 245–253. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.
Wilding, L. P. & Drees, L. R., 1969. Quantity estimations of clay minerals. Agronomy Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Williams, J. D. H., Jaquet, J-M. & Thomas, R. L., 1976. Forms of phosphorus in the surficial sediments of Lake Erie. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 413–429.
Williams, J. D. H., Shear, H. & Thomas, R. L., 1980. Availability to Scenedesmus quadricauda of different forms of phosphorus in sedimentary materials in the Great Lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 1–11.
Wolman, M. G., 1977. Changing needs and opportunities in the sediment field. Wat. Resour. Res. 13: 50–54.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ongley, E.D., Bynoe, M.C., Percival, J.B. (1982). Physical and geochemical characteristics of suspended solids, Wilton Creek, Ontario. In: Sly, P.G. (eds) Sediment/Freshwater Interaction. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8009-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8009-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8011-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8009-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive