Skip to main content

Physical and geochemical characteristics of suspended solids, Wilton Creek, Ontario

  • Conference paper
Sediment/Freshwater Interaction

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 9))

Abstract

To understand the nature of sediment-associated nutrient and contaminant transport dynamics in fluvial systems, a stormflow sampling program of suspended solids is reported for one water year in a representative rural diffuse source catchment of southeastern Ontario. Bulk samples of subsieve suspended solids were obtained using field-portable continuous-flow centrifuge apparatus. The physical and geochemical properties of suspended solids show no significant intersite differences over reaches of 1 500–2 000 m, yet display distinctive seasonal trends. Systematic seasonal changes in particle size, organic content, and Ca, P, Mn, Al, Ti, Fe, and K appear to reflect the changing role of partial area hydrology. Ca, P, and Mn are bioaccumulated by stream algae. Mineral signature is relatively constant over the year.

This article first appeared in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Volume 18, pp. 1365–1379 (1981). Permission of the copyright holders to reprint the article is gratefully acknowledged.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allan, R. J., 1979. Sediment-related fluvial transmission of contaminants: some advances by 1979. Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Scientific Series No. 107. 24 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angino, E. E. & Schneider, H., 1975. Trace element, mineralogy, and size distribution of suspended material samples from selected rivers in eastern Kansas. Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, Contribution No. 169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angino, E. E., Magnuson, L. M., Waugh, T. C. & Evans, T., 1972. Partition coefficients for Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, between river water and suspended load of selected Kansas river systems. Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, Contribution No. 80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angino, E. E., Magnuson, L. M. & Waugh, T. C., 1974. Mineralogy of suspended sediment and concentration of Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb in water and Fe, Mn, and Pb in suspended load of selected Kansas streams. Wat. Resour. Res. 10: 1187–1191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, D. B. & Kramer, J. W., 1973. Phosphorus sources and transport in an agricultural basin of Lake Erie. Proc. 16th Conf. on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Huron, OH, pp. 858–871.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg, N. A. & Johnson, M. G., 1978. Environmental management strategy for the Great Lakes system. Final report of the Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont. 115 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjerkelund, I. E. & Ongley, E. D., 1980. Heavy metal uptake by Cladophora below the Guelph sewage treatment plant, Ontario. Abstracts, 23rd Conf. on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Kingston, Ont., p. 49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann, F. H., Likens, G. E., Siccama, T. G., Pierce, R. S. & Eaton, J. S., 1974. The export of nutrients and recovery of stable conditions following deforestation at Hubbard Brook. Ecol. Monogr. 44: 255–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, T. M., Turner, R. R. & Harriss, R. C., 1977. Suspended and dissolved solids exports from three north Florida watersheds in contrasting land use. In: Correll, D. L. (Ed.) Watershed research in Eastern North America, Vol. 2, pp. 471–485. Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, M. D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bynoe, M. C., 1979. Spatial and temporal trends in the fluvial transport of associated heavy metals in Wilton Creek, south-eastern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culbertson, J. K., Scott, C. H. & Bennett, J. P., 1972. Summary of alluvial-channel data from Rio Grande conveyance channel, New Mexico. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 562-J. 49 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Groot, A. J., 1973. Occurrence and behaviour of heavy metals in river deltas with special reference to the Rhine and Ems Rivers. In: North Sea Science, pp. 308–325. M. I. T. Press, Cambridge, MS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell, C. I., 1973. A quantitative mineralogical examination of the clay-size fraction of Lake Superior sediments. Proc. 16th Conf. on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Huron, OH, pp. 413–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demayo, A., Davis, A. R. & Forbes, M. A., 1978. Forms of metals in water. Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Scientific Series No. 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, W. T., Scott, A. & Wall, G., 1975. Fluvial sedimentation in southern Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sc. 12: 1813–1819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eager, R. J., 1975. Bank erosion on Wilton Creek in southeastern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, G. P., 1975. Analysis of Cladophora. Shear, H. & Konasewich D. E. (Eds.) Cladophora in the Great Lakes, pp. 101 - 123. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forstner, U., 1977. Forms and sediment associations of nutrients (C, N, and P), pesticides and metals: trace metals. In: Shear, H. & Watson, A. E. P. (Eds.) The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants, pp. 219–233. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J., 1974. The chemistry of cadmium in natural water — II. The adsorption of cadmium on river muds and naturally occurring solids. Wat. Res. 8: 157–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, R. J., 1973. Mechanisms of trace metal transport in rivers, Science 180: 71–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, R. J., 1977. Transport phases of transition metals in the Amazon and Yukon Rivers. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88: 829–843.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golterman, H. L. (Ed.) 1977a. Interactions Between Sediments and Fresh Water. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, 473 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golterman, H. L., 1977b. Sediments as a source of phosphate for algal growth. In: Golterman, H. L. (Ed.), pp. 286–293. Interactions between Sediments and Fresh Water. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, T. A., 1978. The biogeochemistry of heavy metals in polluted lakes and streams at Flin Flon, Canada, and a proposed method for limiting heavy metal pollution of natural waters. Envir. Geol. 2: 173–189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennett, J. C. & Wixson, B. G., 1975. The new lead belt: aquatic metal pathways-control. In: Int. Conf. on Heavy Metals in the Environment, Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 2, pp. 247–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns, W. D., Grim, R. E. & Bradley, W. F., 1954. Quantitative estimation of clay minerals by diffraction methods. J. sedim. Petrol. 24: 242–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, A. H., Bouldin, D. R., Goyette, E. A. & Hedges, A. M., 1976. Phosphorus loss by stream transport from a rural watershed: quantities, processes, and sources. J. envir. Qual. 5: 148–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonasson, I., 1977. Geochemistry of sediment/ water interaction of nutrients, pesticides, including observations on availability: metals. In: Shear, H. & Watson, R. E. P. (Eds.). The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants, pp. 255–271. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karickhoff, S. W. & Brown, D. S., 1978. Paraquat sorption as a function of particle size in natural sediments. J. envir. Qual. 7: 246–252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, W. L., Breck, W. G., Van Loon, G. W. & Page, J. A., 1976. The determination of Cladophora glomeratae - C. glomerata as a potential biological monitor. Wat. Res. 10: 981–984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, A. L. W., Thomas, R. L., Dell, C. I. & Jaquet, J-M., 1976. Cultural impact on the geochemistry of sediments in Lake Erie. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 33: 440–462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ketcheson, J. W., Dickinson, T. & Chisholm, P. S., 1973. Potential contributions of sediment from agricultural land. In: Fluvial Processes and Sedimentation, Proc. of Hydrology Symposium, Edmonton, Alta., pp. 184–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keup, L. E., 1968. Phosphorus in flowing waters. Wat. Res. 2: 373–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kodama, H., Scott, G. C. & Miles, N. M., 1977. X-ray quantitative analysis of minerals in soils. Soil Research Institute, Agriculture Canada. 149 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krank, K. & Milligan, T., 1979. The use of the Coulter counter in studies of particle size distributions in aquatic environments. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S., Report Series/Bl-R-79-7. 48 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewms, 1975. Preliminary feasibility report, Vol. I. Lake Erie Wastewater Management Study, Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, Buffalo, NY. 114 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, T. J., 1978. Chemical and mineralogical indices of sediment transformation during fluvial transport. In: Davidson-Arnott, R. & Nickling, W. (Eds.) Research in Fluvial Systems, pp. 199 - 208. GeoBooks, GeoAbstracts, Norwich, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, T. J., Oloya, T. O. & Yaksich, S. M., 1979. Phosphate characteristics and bioavailability of suspended sediments from streams draining into Lake Erie J. Great Lakes Res.: 112–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, L. J., Kohnke, H. & Paulet, M., 1972. An interpretation of reservoir sedimentation: II. Clay mineralogy. J. envir. Qual. 1: 303–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKeague, J. A., 1976. Manual on soil sampling and methods of analysis. Soil Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. E., 1961. Petrography of northeastern Lake Michigan bottom sediments. J. sedim. Petrol. 31: 402–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabhan, H. M., Sys, C. & Stoops, G., 1969. Mineralogical study of the suspended matter in the Nile water. Pédologie 19: 30–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, J. E., 1979. Pollution from urban land use in the Grand and Saugeen watersheds. Technical report of the Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont. 55 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ongley, E. D., 1978. Quantitative recovery of suspended solids by continuous-flow centrifugation. Abstracts, 10th Int. Congr. on Sedimentology, Jerusalem, Vol. 2, pp. 487–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ongley, E. D. & Blachford, D. P., 1982. Applications of continuous-flow centrifugation to contaminant analysis of suspended sediment in fluvial systems. Envir. Techn. Letters (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Packham, R. F., Rosaman, D. & Midgley, H. G., 1960. A mineralogical examination of suspended solids from nine English rivers. Clay Minerals Bull. 4: 239–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Percival, J. B., 1979. The spatial and temporal flux of sediment- related phosphorus, clay mineralogy and soluble anions in Wilton Creek, southeastern Ontario. M. Sc. thesis, Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perhac, R. M., 1972. Distribution of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in dissolved and particulate solids from two streams in Tennessee. J. Hydrol. 15: 177–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, J. W. & Dulong, F. T., 1977. Discharge of suspended particulates from Rhode River subwatersheds. In: Correll, D. L. (Ed.) Watershed Research in Eastern North America, Vol. 2, pp. 531–553. Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pionke, H. B. & Chesters, G., 1973. Pesticide — sediment — water interactions. J. envir. Qual. 2: 29–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigler, F. H., 1979. The export of phosphorus from Dartmoor catchments: a model to explain variations of phosphorus concentrations in streamwater. J. mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 59: 659–687.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryden, J. C., Syers, J. K. & Harris, R. F., 1973. Phosphorus in runoff and streams. Adv. Agron. 25: 1–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shear, H. & Watson, A. E. P., (Eds.), 1977. The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants. International Joint Commission. Windsor, Ont. 309 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Syers, J. K., Harris, R. F. & Armstrong, D. E., 1973. Phosphate chemistry in lake sediments. J. envir. Qual. 2: 1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C. & Bisson, M., 1980. Trace metal speciation in the Yamaska and St. François Rivers (Quebec). Can. J. Earth. Sci. 17: 90–105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. R., Lindberg, S. E. & Talbot, K., 1977. Dynamics of trace element export from a deciduous watershed, Walker Branch, Tennessee. In: Correll, D. L. (Ed.) Watershed Research in Eastern North America, Vol. 2, pp. 661–681. Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volbroth, A., 1969. Elemental Analysis in Geochemistry. Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall, G. J. & Wilding, L. P., 1976. Mineralogy and related parameters of fluvial suspended sediments in north-western Ohio. J. envir. Qual. 5: 168–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Water Survey of Canada, 1969. Sediment data for Canadian rivers. Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, J. B., 1977. Geochemistry of sediment/water interactions of nutrients, pesticides and metals, including observations on availability: pesticides. In: Shear, H. & Watson, A. E. P. (Eds.). The Fluvial Transport of Sediment-Associated Nutrients and Contaminants, pp. 245–253. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilding, L. P. & Drees, L. R., 1969. Quantity estimations of clay minerals. Agronomy Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. D. H., Jaquet, J-M. & Thomas, R. L., 1976. Forms of phosphorus in the surficial sediments of Lake Erie. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 413–429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. D. H., Shear, H. & Thomas, R. L., 1980. Availability to Scenedesmus quadricauda of different forms of phosphorus in sedimentary materials in the Great Lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 1–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolman, M. G., 1977. Changing needs and opportunities in the sediment field. Wat. Resour. Res. 13: 50–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Peter G. Sly

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ongley, E.D., Bynoe, M.C., Percival, J.B. (1982). Physical and geochemical characteristics of suspended solids, Wilton Creek, Ontario. In: Sly, P.G. (eds) Sediment/Freshwater Interaction. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8009-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8009-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8011-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8009-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics