Abstract
The observed concentrations of bacteria at two large fish farms were not high, but due to the great volume of the discharge the total amount of bacteria was large. Total coliform (TC) bacteria identified belonged mainly to the genera Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Aeromonas. The majority of faecal coliform (FC) strains were Escherichia coli. E. coli was absent, or occurred at very low concentrations, in the influent water, but was present in the effluent water, in the sediment, and at one fish farm also in fish faeces. FC bacteria were not observed in the fish feed. The concentrations of faecal streptococci (FS) in the influent water were low, but strains isolated were identified as group D streptococci. The concentrations of FS were low in the feed and sediment samples but were elevated in the fish faeces and also in the effluent.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ackefors, H. & Rosén, C.-G., 1979. Farming aquatic animals. The emergence of a world-wide industry with profound ecological consequences. Ambio 8: 132–143.
Aoki, T., 1975. Effects of chemotherapeutics on bacterial ecology in the ponds and the intestinal tracts of cultured fish, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). Jap. J. Microbiol. 19: 7–12.
Geldreich, E. E. & Clarke, N. A., 1966. Bacterial pollution indicators in the intestinal tract of freshwater fish. Appl. Microbiol. 14: 429–437.
Haavisto, P., 1974. The magnitude of loading from natural fish ponds and from fish farms. Rep. Nat. Bd Wat. Finl. 74: 1–67 (in Finnish).
Haverinen, L., 1979. The loading from fish farms. Rep. Nat. Bd Wat., Finl. 170: 1–76 (in Finnish).
Lavoie, M. & Mathieu, L. G., 1974. Incidence of hemolytic and R factors in lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria isolated from the digestive tract offish. Rev. Can. Biol. 33: 185–191.
Moisala, E., 1979. The state of the art of fish farming and its pursuits. Ympäristö ja terveys 10: 257–259 (in Finnish).
Ruane, R. J., Chu, T.-Y. J. & Vandergriff, V. E., 1977. Characterization and treatment of waste discharged from high-density catfish cultures. Water Res. 11: 789–800.
Souter, B. W., Sonstegard, R. A. & McDermott, L. A., 1976. Enteric bacteria in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni). J. Fish.Res. Bd Can. 33: 1401–1403.
Trust, T. J. & Sparrow, R. A. H., 1974. The bacterial flora in the alimentary tract of freshwater salmonid fishes. Can. J. Microbiol. 20: 1219–1228.
Watanabe, T., Aoki, T., Ogata, Y. & Egusa, S., 1971. R factors related to fish culturing. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 182: 383–410.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague
About this paper
Cite this paper
Niemi, M., Taipalinen, I. (1982). Faecal indicator bacteria at fish farms. In: Ilmavirta, V., Jones, R.I., Persson, PE. (eds) Lakes and Water Management. Developments in Hydrobiology 7, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8003-7_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8003-7_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8005-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8003-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive