Abstract
A framework for large-scale system analysis is presented. Within this framework various concepts of system modeling are examined, and a philosophy of system analysis and system modeling is discussed. Next, urban form is defined, and the relationship between urban form and urban function is outlined. Several areas of urban modeling are reviewed. A possible scheme for investigating the interaction of energy and urban form is developed. Finally, an example analysis of urban form is conducted, and the effects of introducing energy conservation into the analysis are analyzed. Institute participants are invited to participate in the analysis.
An erratum to this chapter is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7651-1_25
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes and References
Gibson, J. E., Designing the New City: A Systemic Approach, Wiley, 1977.
Sage, A. P., “A Case for a Standard for Systems Engineering Methodology,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7, No. 7, July 1977.
For another, see: Hall, A. D., “A Three Dimensional Morphology of Systems Engineering, ” IEEE G-SSC Transactions, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 1969, pp. 156–160.
Hill, J. D., and J. N. Warfield, “Unified Program Planning,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-2, No. 5, Nov. 1972, pp. 610–621.
Warfield, J. N., Societal Systems: Planning, Policy and Complexity, Wiley, 1976.
Several facets of modeling are treated by other papers at this institute: Allen, P. M., “The City as an Open-ended System” Choay, F., “Planning and Architectural Models” Jones, A., “A Multi-media Approach to Decision-making in Urban Design”
For two discussions of urban grain, see: Jacobs, J., The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House, 1963. Lynch, K., The Image of the City, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, 1963.
Maslow, A. H., Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row, 1954.
Within this institute, P. M. Allen’s energy model of Bastogne incorporates many of the urban modeling techniques. In addition, the following references are presented as introductions to the various techniques: Cox, P. R., Demography, 4th ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, London and New York, 1970. Forrester, J., Urban Dynamics, M.I.T. Press, 1969. Helly, W., Urban Systems Models, Academic Press, New York, 1975. Hutchinson, G. B., Principles of Urban Transport Systems Planning, McGraw-Hill, 1974. Keyfitz, N., Introduction to the Mathematics of Population, Addison-Wesley, 1968. Kilbridge, M.D., O’Block, R. P., and Teplitz, P. V., “A Conceptual Framework for Urban Planning Models, ” Management Science, Vol. 15, No. 6, 1969. King, L. J., Models of Urban Land Use Development, Battelle Memorial Inst., 1969. Lowry, I. S., A Model of Metropolis, Rand Corp., 1964. Lowry, I. S., “Seven Models of Urban Development: A Structural Comparison, ” Highway Res. Board Special Rept. 97, pp. 121-163, Washington, D.C., 1968. Miernyk, W. H., The Elements of Input-Output Analysis, Random House, 1965. Nourse, H. O., Regional Economics, McGraw-Hill, 1968. Putman, S. H., “Urban Land Use and Transportation Models: A State-of-the-Art Summary, ” Transportation Research, Vol. 9, 1975.
Brewer, G. D., Politicians, Bureaucrats, and the Consultant, Basic Books, New York, 1973.
Nie, N. H., C. H. Hull, J. G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner, and D. H. Bent, SPSS, McGraw-Hill, 1975.
Such an effort in behalf of public system analysis methodologies is underway at the University of Virginia under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation and the direction of A. P. Sage and J. N. Warfield. The task is an enormous one.
This statement is simplistic; actually energy considerations did affect some cost analysis, but in what today would be considered an adverse manner. For example, home owner selection of natural gas heat over electric heat based on cost-a sound economic decision until gas supplies are cur- trailed or, in the U.S., a decontrol of gas prices occurs.
For example, predictions of automobile usage will be affected both by gasoline cost and gasoline availability.
One summary found to be useful by the authors as an introduction to present energy modeling is Appendix A of: Energy Modeling for an Uncertain Future, Study of Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems: Supporting Paper 2, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1978.
Several papers at this institute might contribute to more realistic matrix weightings, particularly: Bolle, L., “Assessment of Energy Consumption of the Urban Forms,” Laconte, P., “Density, Energy Consumption and Physical Layout,”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gibson, J.E., Binkley, J.R. (1982). Systems and Models in Urban Design - A Tutorial Overview. In: Laconte, P., Gibson, J., Rapoport, A. (eds) Human and Energy Factors in Urban Planning: A Systems Approach. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7651-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7651-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7653-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7651-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive