Abstract
The more efficient management of the world’s nitrogen resources, leading to greater plant productivity, depends on research which (a) improves the economic efficiency of nitrogen inputs into ecosystems, (b) makes more effective use of the nitrogen within the plant environment, and (c) reduces nitrogen losses, particularly from the root region. Ecosystem nitrogen budget studies can emphasize gaps in knowledge of nitrogen cycle processes.
Resumen
El uso mas eficiente de los recursos nitrogenados del mundo que llevará a una mayor productividad vegetal depende de las investigaciones que (a) aumenten la eficiencia económica del uso de nitrógeno en los ecosistemas, (b) hagan mas efectivo el uso del nitrógeno dentro del ambiente de las plantas y (c) reduzcan las pérdidas de nitrógeno mas allá de la zona radical. Los estudios del balance de nitrógeno pueden servir para identificar lagunas en el conocimiento de los procesos del ciclo de nitrógeno.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allison F E 1973 Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 637 p.
Ayanaba A and Dart P J 1977 Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 377 p.
Bartholomew W V 1977 Soil nitrogen changes in farming systems in the humid tropics. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 27–42. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Bremner J M 1977 Use of nitrogen-tracer techniques for research on nitrogen fixation. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 335–352. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Bremner J M and Blackmer A M 1978 Nitrous oxide: emission from soils during nitrification of fertilizer nitrogen. Science 199, 295–296.
Bremner J M and Shaw K 1958 Denitrification in soil. J. Agric. Sci. 51, 40–52.
Campbell C A 1978 Soil organic carbon, nitrogen and fertility. In Schnitzer M and Khan S U (Eds). Soil Organic Matter, pp 173–271. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Chestnutt D M B and Lowe J 1970 Sect III Sub-Sect B. Agronomy of white clover/grass swards. In Lowe J (Ed.). White Clover Research. Occasional Symposium of the British Grassland Society No. 6, pp 191–213. Maidenhead: British Grassland Society.
Cooke G W 1967 Control of Soil Fertility, pp 182–184. London: Crosby-Lockwood.
Denmead O T, Freney J R and Simpson J R 1976 A closed ammonia cycle within the plant canopy. Soil Biol. Biochem. 8, 161–164.
Döbereiner J 1977 Present and future opportunities to improve the nitrogen nutrition of crops through biological fixation. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 3–12. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Dowdell R J and Webster C P 1980 A lysimeter study using nitrogen-15 on the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by perennial ryegrass swards and losses by leaching. J. Soil Sci. 31, 65–75.
Edwards DG 1977 Nutritional factors limiting nitrogen fixed by rhizobia. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds.). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 189–216. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Farquhar G D, Wetselaar R and Firth P H 1979 Ammonia volatilization from senescing leaves of maize. Science 203, 1257–1258.
Federova R I, Milekhana E I and Ilyukhina N I 1973 Possibility of using the ‘gas exchange’ method to detect extraterrestrial life, identification of nitrogen fixing organisms. Akad Nauk SSR Isvestia Ser. Bio. 6, 797–806.
Firestone M K, Firestone R B and Tiedje J M 1980 Nitrous oxide from soil denitrification: Factors controlling its biological production. Science 208, 749–750.
Focht D D and Verstraete W 1977 Biochemical ecology of nitrification and denitrification. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 1, 135–214.
Foy R H, Smith R V, Stevens R J and Stewart D A 1980 Factors affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to Lough Neagh. (Unpublished ms.).
Garwood E A and Tyson K C 1977 High loss of nitrogen in drainage from soil under grass following a prolonged period of low rainfall. J. Agric. Sci. 89, 767–768.
Gasser J K R 1964 Urea as a fertilizer. Soils Fertil. 27, 175–180.
Gasser J K R 1970 Nitrification inhibitors — their occurrence, production, and effects of their use on crop yields and composition. Soils Fertil. 33, 547–554.
Granhall U (Ed.) 1978 Environmental Role of Nitrogen-fixing Blue-green Algae and Asymbiotic Bacteria. Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) No. 26. Stockholm: Swedish National Science Research Council. 391 p.
Greenland DJ 1977 Contribution of microorganisms to the nitrogen status of tropical soils. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 13–25. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Ham G E 1977 The acetylene-ethylene assay and other measures of nitrogen fixation in field experiments. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 325–334. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Holl F B and La Rue T A 1976 Host genetics and nitrogen fixation. In Hill L D (Ed.). World Soybean Research: Fertilization and Nitrogen Fixation, pp 156–163. Danville: Interstate Printers & Publishers.
Hood A E M 1976 Nitrogen, grassland and water quality in the United Kingdom. Outl. Agric. 8, 320–327.
Jackson M V and Williams T E 1979 Response of grass swards to fertilizer-N under cutting or grazing. J. Agric. Sci. 92, 549–562.
Jenkinson D S 1977 The nitrogen economy of the Broadbalk Experiments. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1976 Pt 2, pp 103–109. Harpenden: Lawes Agricultural Trust.
Lauer D A, Bouldin D R and Klausner S D 1976 Ammonia volatilization from dairy manure spread on the soil surface. J. Environ. Qual. 5, 134–141.
Mengel K, Haghparast M R and Koch K 1974 The effect of potassium on the fixation of molecular nitrogen by roots of Vicia faba. Plant Physiol. 54, 535–538.
Mikkelson D S, Datta S K de and Obcema W N 1978 Ammonia volatilization losses from flooded rice soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42, 725–730.
Mooy C J de and Pesek J 1966 Nodulation responses of soybeans to added phosphorus, potassium, and calcium salts. Agron. J. 58, 275–280.
Munns D N, Keyser H H, Fogle V W, Hohenberg J S, Righetti T L, Lauter D L, Larong M G, Clarkin K L and Whiteacre K W 1979 Tolerance of soil acidity in symbioses of mung bean with rhizobia. Agron. J. 71, 256–260.
Mytton L R and Felice J de 1977 The effect of mixtures of rhizobium strains on the dry matter production of white clover grown in agar. Ann. Appl. Biol. 87, 83–93.
Nutman P S (Ed.) 1976 Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. IBP Synthesis Series, Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. 584 p.
Nutman P S 1976 IBP field experiments on nitrogen fixation by nodulated legumes. In Nutman P S (Ed.). Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants, IBP Synthesis Series, Vol. 7, pp 211–237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nutman P S, Mareckova H and Raicheva L 1971 Selection for nitrogen fixation in red clover. Plant and Soil Spec. Vol. 27–53.
Obaton M 1977 Effectiveness, saprophytic and competitive ability: three properties of Rhizobium essential for increasing the yield of inoculated legumes. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 127–133. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Rachie K O 1977 The nutritional role of grain legumes in the lowland humid tropics. In Ayanaba A and Dart P J (Eds). Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Farming Systems of the Tropics, pp 45–60. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Rodgers G A 1978 Dry deposition of atmospheric ammonia at Rothamsted in 1976 and 1977. J. Agric. Sci. 90, 537–542.
Ruschel A P and Reuszer H W 1973 Factors affecting the Rhizobium phaseoli — Phaseolus vulgaris symbiosis. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, Agronomia 8, 287–292.
Sprent J I, Bradford A M and Norton C 1977 Seasonal growth patterns in field beans (Vicia faba) as affected by population density, shading and its relationship with soil moisture. J. Agric. Sci. 88, 293–301.
Volk G M 1961 Gaseous loss of ammonia from surface-applied nitrogenous fertilizers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 9, 280–283.
Witty J F 1979 Acetylene reduction assay can overestimate nitrogen fixation in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 11, 209–210.
Young C P, Hall E S and Oakes D B 1976 Nitrate in groundwater studies on the chalk near Winchester, Hampshire. Technical Report No. 31, Medmenham, Water Research Centre, 67 p.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Holding, A.J. (1982). Some priority research areas in nitrogen studies. In: Robertson, G.P., Herrera, R., Rosswall, T. (eds) Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7639-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7639-9_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7641-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7639-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive