Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Applied Physiology in Clinical Respiratory Care pp 401–419Cite as

Hypoxia in the neonate

  • Chapter

  • 21 Accesses

Part of the book series: Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesiology ((DCCA,volume 1))

Abstract

In considering hypoxia in the newborn, one has to consider both fetal and immediate neonatal physiologic changes that follow the birthing process. It has been observed for a long time that the fetus has been under extreme hypoxic conditions in utero. Sir Barcroft [1] described the fetus living at the top of Mount Everest. While it is true that the fetal arterial PO2 levels are close to those at Mount Everest, the fetus is well oxygenated for its needs. During the passage of birth, the fetus is subjected to a tremendous degree of hypoxia; still the infant emerges as a champion in the majority of the cases. The extreme hypoxic insult during the process of birth has lead the perinatal physiologists to call the process of birth the “Valley of Shadow of Birth” [2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Barcroft J: Researches on prenatal life. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1946

    Google Scholar 

  2. Smith CA: The valley of shadow of birth. Am J Dis Child 82: 171, 1951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dawes GS: Foetal and neonatal physiology. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA, Terano KAW: Studies on the circulation of previable human fetus. Pediatr Res 5: 452, 197

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rudolph AM: The course and distribution of the foetal circulation. Ciba Foundation Symposium. In: Woltenhome GEW, O’Connor M (eds) Foetal anatomy. London: J and A Churchill, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bartels H, Moll W: Passage of inert substances and oxygen in the human placenta. Pfluegers Arch 280: 165, 1964

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cohn HE, Sacks EJ, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM: Cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and acidemia in fetal lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 120: 817, 1974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Boddy K, Dawes GS, Fisher R, Pinter S, Robinson JS: Foetal respirator movements, electro cortical and cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and hypercapnia in sheep. J Physiol 243: 599, 1974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Botella-Allusia J: Placental insufficiency syndrome. In: Aladjem S, Brown AK (eds) Clinical perinatology, 2nd edn. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hon EH: An atlas of fetal heart rate patterns. New Haven: Harty, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rochard F, Schifrin BS, Goupil E, et al: Non-stressed fetal heart rate monitoring in the antepartum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 126: 699, 1976

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Freeman RK: The use of oxytocin challenge test for antepartum clinical evaluation of uteroplacental respiratory function. Am J Obstet Gynecol 481, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  13. Saling E: Mikroblutunter schungen am feten. Z Geburtshilfe Gynakol 162: 56, 1964

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kubli FW, Hon EH, Khazin AF, Takemnra H: Observations on heart rate and pH in the human fetus during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 104: 1190, 1969

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dawes GS: Foetal and neonatal physiology. Chicago: Year Book Publishers, 1968, p 149

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ceruti E: Chemoreceptor reflexes in the newborn infants. Effect of cooling on the response to hypoxia. Pediatrics 37: 556, 1966

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brady JP, Cotton EC, Tooley WH: Chemoreflexes in the newborn infant. Effect of 100% oxygen on heart rate and ventilation. J Physiol 172: 332, 1964

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Reinstorff D, Fenner A: Ventilatory response to hyperoxia in premature and newborn infants during the first three days of life. Respir Physiol 15: 159, 1972

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rigatto H, Brady JP, Verduzo R: Chemoreceptor reflexes in preterm infants. II. The effect of gestational age and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide. Pediatrics 55: 614, 1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rigatto H, Verduzo R, Cates DB: Effects of O2 on the ventilatory response to CO2 infants. J Appl Physiol 39: 896, 1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bryan AC, Bryan MH: Control of respiration in the newborn. Clin Perinatol 5: 269, 1978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Malalis L, Vidyasagar D: Experience with simultaneous measurements of P02 using Searle PO2 electrode, transcutaneous PO2 and arterial PO2 (in preparation)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Huch R, Huch A, Albani M, et al: Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in routine management of infants and children with cardiorespiratory problems. Pediatrics 57: 681, 1976

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Avery ME, Fletcher BD: The lung and its disorders in the newborn infant, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  25. Vidyasagar D, Yeh TF, Harris V, et al: Assisted ventilation in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome. Pediatrics 56: 208, 1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bancalari E, Berlin JA: Meconium aspiration and other asphyxial disorders. Clin Perinatol 5: 317, 1978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Gersony WH: Commentary: persistence of the fetal circulation. J Pediatr 82: 1103, 1973

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Levin DL, Heymann AM, Kitterman AJ, et al: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant. J Pediatr 89: 626, 1976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Levin DL: Fetal hypertension and the development of increased pulmonary hypertension in newborn infants. J Pediatr 92: 265, 1978

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bland RD, Kitterman JA: Shock in the newborn. In: Thibeault DW, Gregory G (eds) Neonatal Pulmonary Care. Reading: Addison Wesley, 1978, p 254

    Google Scholar 

  31. Engleman K, Branwald E: Hypotension and shock syndrome. In: Thorn GW, Adams RD, Braunwald, et al (eds) Principles of internal medicine, 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977,P 185

    Google Scholar 

  32. Severinghaus JW, Bradley AF: Electrodes for blood PO2 and PCO2 determination. J Appl Physiol 13: 515, 1958

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Bhat R, Vidyasagar D, Asonye UO, et al: Continuous tissue pH monitoring in critically ill neonates. J Pediatr 97: 445, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tremper KK, Shoemaker WC: Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring of critically ill adults with and without low flow shock. Crit Care Med 9: 706, 1981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Bhat R, Vidyasagar D: Tissue pH changes during experimental acute hypoxia and hypovolemia (submitted for publication)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Garfunkel JM, Baird HW, Ziegler: The relationship of oxygen consumption to cerebral function activity. J Pediatr 44: 64, 1954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lou HC, Lassen NA, Friis-Hansen B: Impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the distressed newborn infant. J Pediatr 94: 118, 1979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Vannucci RC, Hernandez MJ: Cerebral blood flow regarding intracranial hemorrhage. J. Pediatr 95: 496, 1979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Raju TNK, Vidyasagar D, Papazafiratou C: Cerebral perfusion pressure and abnormal intracranial pressure waveforms: their relation to outcome in birth asphyxia. Crit Care Med 9: 449, 1981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Lou HC, Skov H, Pederson H: Low cerebral blood flow a risk factor in the neonate. J Pediatr 95: 606, 1979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Leahey FAN, Cates D, MacCullum M, Rigatto H: Effect of CO2 and 100% O2 on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants. J Appl Physiol 45: 468, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  42. Volpe JJ: Observing the infant in the early hours after asphyxia. In: Gluck L (ed) Intrauterine asphyxia and the developing brain. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1977, P 263

    Google Scholar 

  43. Vaughn O, Fitzman DV: Hypoxia and lactate in the newborn puppy. Biol Neonate 14: 42, 1969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Miller J A, Miller FS: Studies in the prevention of brain damage in asphyxia. Dev Med Child Neurol 7: 607, 1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Dawes GS, Moh JC, Shelley HJ: The importance of cardiac glycogen for the maintenance of life in foetal lambs and newborn animals during anoxia. J Physiol 146: 516, 1959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. John EG, Bhat R, Zeis PM, Vidyasagar D: Effects of hypoxia, hypocarbia and acidemia on renal function and hemodynamics in puppies. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1: 167, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  47. Smith CA, Nelson NM: The physiology of the newborn infant, 4th edn. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1976

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. Vidyasagar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Thorax Center, Academic Hospital Dijkzicht, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Omar Prakash M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vidyasagar, D. (1982). Hypoxia in the neonate. In: Prakash, O. (eds) Applied Physiology in Clinical Respiratory Care. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesiology, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7567-5_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7567-5_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7569-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7567-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation