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Relaxation Processes in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

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The Multinuclear Approach to NMR Spectroscopy

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 103))

Abstract

This chapter is devoted to a general discussion about relaxation in nuclear magnetic resonance with a special emphasis on the physical signification of concepts, equations, and terms usually used in this field. Systems which are moved away from equilibrium after a change in one of the variables of state will reach the equilibrium by relaxation processes. Therefore, relaxation is of great importance in chemistry and physics. It plays a special role in NMR because this spectroscopy is characterized by a very low-frequency domain. In NMR, relaxation is generally described by the Bloch equations, which lead to a clear distinction between transverse and longitudinal relaxation. Though they work well for a semiquantitative description of relaxation processes, the Bloch equations are far from general: nonexponential decays are frequently observed for relaxing spin systems. Theories of relaxation require the definition of correlation G (τ) and spectral density J(ω) functions. They also require the calculation of transition probabilities per second for jumps between the Zeeman levels. The nature of the coupling Hamiltonian determines the relaxation mechanism, while the analytical form of J(ω) determines the frequency dependence of transition probabilities. The efficiency of the various relaxation mechanisms depends on the nature of the observed nuclei and also on the value of the applied field BO. The case of nuclei with I > 1/2 is particularly interesting because the quadrupolar mechanism is the only one which is due to an electrical coupling between the lattice and spin system.

Indeed if it were not for the prevalence of relaxation, physicists might have abandoned the field of magnetic resonance to chemists long ago. C P . Poole and H.O. Farrach (1971)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium

    J. Reisse

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  1. J. Reisse
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Joseph B. Lambert

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland

    Frank G. Riddell

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© 1983 D. Reidel Publishing Company

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Reisse, J. (1983). Relaxation Processes in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. In: Lambert, J.B., Riddell, F.G. (eds) The Multinuclear Approach to NMR Spectroscopy. NATO ASI Series, vol 103. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7130-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7130-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7132-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7130-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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