Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effects of 2,4-D on the growth of Rhizophora stylosa Griff. seedlings

  • Chapter
Physiology and management of mangroves

Part of the book series: Tasks for vegetation science ((TAVS,volume 9))

Abstract

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of 2,4-D amine salt on the growth of seedlings of the mangrove, Rhizophora stylosa Griff. Seedlings were allowed to grow for four weeks (up to the emergence of the first pair of leaves), and leaf and soil treatments of 2,4-D were applied (leaf: 0.0125–2.50 kg/ha; soil: 0.3125–62.50 kg/ha).

Sensitivity of seedlings to the herbicide was evidenced by an increase in first internode length, retardation of dry matter accumulation and changes in chlorophyll synthesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature cited

  • Aaronson, T. 1971. A tour of Vietnam. Environment 13:23–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashton, F.M. and A.S. Crafts, 1973. Mode of action of herbicides. Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audus, J.L. 1976. Herbicides, I. Academic Press, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, E.C.F. 1971. Mangroves as land builders. Victorian Naturlist 88:189–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boffey, P.M. 1971. Herbicides in Vietnam: AAS study finds widespread devastation. Science 171:43–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovey, R. W., E. Burnett and C. Richardson. 1974. Occurrence of 2,4,5-T and picloram in surface runoff water in the blacklands of Texas. Journal of Environmental Quality 3:61–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, M.V., J.C. Crane and N. Marei. 1968. Some histological effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid applied to mature apricot leaves. Botanical Gazette 129:231–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, J.M. 1974. Land building and stabilization by mangroves. Environmental Conservation 1:285–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, Lee. K., S.S. Que Hee and R.G. Sutherland. 1976. 2,4-D levels in the south Saskatchewan river in 1973 as determined by a glc method. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B11:175–183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eames, A.J. 1949b. Comparative effects of spray treatments with growth-regulating substances on the nut grass, Cyperus rotundus L., and anatomical modifications following treatment with butyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. American Journal of Botany 36:571–584.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, A.P. 1972. Herbicidal residues in aquatic environments. Pages 135–148. In: Fate of organic pesticides in the aquatic environment R. Gould, ed. Advances in Chemistry Series III.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hallam, N.D. 1970. The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and related compounds on the fine structure of the primary leaves of Phaseolus valgaris. Journal of Experimental Botany 21:1031–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivens, G.W. 1957. Arboricides for killing mangroves. West African Rice Research Station Periodical Science Report, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, S.W. and G.F. Humphrey. 1975. New spectro photometric equations for determining chlorophylls a, b, c, and c2 in higher plants, algae and natural phytoplankton. Biochemie and Physiologie der Pflanzen 167:191–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, N.G. and T.J. Muzik. 1961. Some effects of 2,4-D on wheat yield and root growth. Botanical Gazette 122:188–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kader, R.A. 1979. How Malaysia manages its mangroves. Forest and Timber 15:7–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, P.B. 1955. Histological responscs of the rice plant (Oryza sativa) to 2,4-D. American Journal of Botany 42:649–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Key, J.L., C.Y. Lin, E.M. Gifford Jr. and R. Dengler. 1966. Relation of 2,4-D-induced growth abberrations to changes in nucleic acid metabolism in soybean seedlings. Botanical Gazette 127:87–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lugo, A.E. and S.C. Snedaker. 1974. The ecology of mangroves. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5:39–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macnae, W.1968. Mangroves and their fauna. Australian Natural History 16:17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navalkar, B.S. 1961. Importance of mangroves. Tropical Ecology 2:89–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, L. A. 1969. Herbicide runoff from forest lands sprayed in the summer. Research Progress Report, Western Society of Weed Science 24–26 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orians, G.H. and E. W. Pfeiffer. 1970. Ecological effects of the war in Vietnam. Science 168:544–554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patil, R.P. 1964. Cultivation of mangroves seedlings in pots at Allahabad, U.P. Science and Culture 30:43–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, G.E. 1967. Discovery and development of 2,4-D. Agricultural History 41:243–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollet, B. 1975. Utilization of mangroves. Journal D’Agriculture Tropicate et de Botanique Appliquee 22:203–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, P. 1975. The mangrove of south Vietnam: The impact of military use of herbicides. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biology and Management of Mangroves 2:695–709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf. 1969. Introduction to biostatistics. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H.J. 1976. Herbicide toxicity in mangroves. Report, US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, EPA-600/3-76-004, 1–33 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H.J. and J. Kelly. 1975. Effects of herbicides on mangroves of south Vietnam and Florida. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biology and Management of Mangroves 2:719–727.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truman, R. 1961. The eradication of mangroves. Australian Journal of Science 24:198–199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tschirley, F.H. 1969. Defoliation in Vietnam. Science 163:779–786.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Rumker, R., E.W. Lawless and A.F. Meiners. 1975. Production, distribution, use and environmental impact potential of selected pesticides. Report for, Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, J., J. Gebhardt and D.A. Pulkinen. 1976. Forage yield and quality alfalfa following late fall applications of 2,4-D or 2,4-DB. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 56:929–943.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, G.E. 1973. Effects of herbicides on seedlings of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L. Bioscience 23:361–364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westing, A.H. 1971. Ecological effects of military destruction on the forests of south Vietnam. Bioscience 21:893–898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, J.A. and D.D. Hemphill. 1972. An ultra-structural study of the effects of 2,4-D on tabacco leaves. Weed Science 20:478–481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilde, M.H. 1951. Anatomical modifications of bean roots following treatment with 2,4-D. American Journal of Botany 38:79–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Capricornia Institute of Advanced Education, Rockhampton Qld., Australia

    P. Culic

Authors
  1. P. Culic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

H. J. Teas

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Culic, P. (1984). The effects of 2,4-D on the growth of Rhizophora stylosa Griff. seedlings. In: Teas, H.J. (eds) Physiology and management of mangroves. Tasks for vegetation science, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6572-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6572-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6574-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6572-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation