Abstract
The uptake of O2 and glucose and the production of CO2 and lactate were measured using non-invasive techniques in the intact in vitro developing chick blastodisc during gastrulation-neurulation (18 to 24 h of incubation).
Glucose represents the primary source of energy at this period of development. Under normoxic conditions, about 30 and 50% of glucose are oxidized, respectively, at stages 4 and 7. The rest is converted to lactate. The oxidation rate in the embryo is as high as in the most active differentiated tissues and the additional aerobic glycolysis is comparable to that found in malignant tumors. The total ATP produced is estimated at 7–10 nmol · h−1 · (µg protein)−1. The anaerobic glycolysis can account for only 20% of this production.
The O2 and glucose uptakes vary according to regions of the blastodisc. In the area pellucide, the metabolism increases in parallel to the growth but the capacity to oxidize glycose remains constant. In the extraembryonic area opaca, the metabolism increases more rapidly than the growth parameters and the efficiency of the glucose utilization seems to increase as well.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baroffio, A. and Kucera, P. (1983). The deoxyglucose method considered for studies of glucose metabolism in the chick embryo. Experientia 39: 629.
Bartels, H. and Baumann, F. (1972). Metabolic rate of early embryos (4–22 somites) at varying oxygen pressures. Re.spir. Physiol. 16: 1–15.
Barzu, O. and Borza, V. (1967). Spectrophotometric method for assay of mitochondrial oxygen uptake using oxyhemoglobin as indicator and oxygen donor. Anal. Biochem. 21: 344–357.
Eyal-Giladi, H., Raveh, D. Feinstein. N. and Friedlander, M. (1979). Glycogen metabolism in the prclaid chick embryo. J. Morphol. 161: 23–38.
Fedoroff, S. and Hertz, L. (1977). Cell, “l’issue, and Organ Cultures in Neurobiology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 39–71.
Gutmann, I. and Wahlefeld, A.W. (1974). L-(+)-lactate. Determination with lactate dehydrogenase and NAD. In: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol. 3. H.U. Bergmeyer, ed., Verlag Chemie Weinheim; New York, Academic Press, pp. 1464–1468.
Hamburger, V. and Hamilton, H.L. (1951). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J. Morphol. 88: 49–92.
Kucera, P., dc Ribaupierre. Y. and de Ribaupierre. F. (1979). Computer-controlled double-beam scanning microspectrophotometry for rapid microscopic image reconstructions. J. Microsc. 116: 173–184.
Kucera, P. and de Ribaupierre. Y. (1980). Evaluation of the NAD redox states in a living chick embryo using a computer-controlled double-beam scanning microfluorometry. Microsc. Acta. Suppl. 4: 283–287.
Kucera, P. and Raddatz. E. (1980). Spatio-temporal micro-measurements of the oxygen uptake in the developing chick embryo. Respir. Physiol. 39: 199–215.
Needham, J. (1932). On the true metabolic rate of the chick embryo and the respiration of its membranes. Proc. R. Soc. London. 110: 46–74.
Needham, J. (1932). A manometric analysis of the metabolism in avian ontogenesis. II. The effects of Fluoride. iodoacetate, and other reagents on the respiration of blastoderm, embryo, and yolk-sac. Proc. R. Soc. London. 112: 114–138.
Neubert, D., Peters, H. Teske. S., Köhler. E. and Barrach, H.-J. (1971). Studies on the problem of `aerobic glycolysis’ occurring in mammalian embryos. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmako1.268: 235–241.
New, D.A.T. (1955). A new technique tor the cultivation of the chick embryo in vitro. J. Embryo!. Exp. Morphol. 3: 326–331.
Philips, F.S. (1941). The oxygen consumption of the early chick embryo at various stages of development. J. Exp. Zool. 86: 257–289.
Philips. F.S (1942). Comparison of the respiratory rates of different regions of the chick blastoderm during early stages of development. J. Exp. Zool. 90: 83–100.
Racker, E. (1976). A New Look at Mechanisms in Bioenergetics. Academic Press, New York, pp. 162–167.
Raddatz, E. and Kucera, P. (1983). Mapping of the oxygen consumption in the gastrulating chick embryo. Respir. Physiol. 51: 153–166.
Reivich. M., Saito. N. and Sokoloff. L. (1971). Development of an autoradiographic method for the determination of regional glucose consumption. In: Brain and Blood Flow. Ross and Russel, eds. Pitman, London, pp. 397–400.
Romanoff. A.L. (1967). Biochemistry of the Avian Embryo. J. Wiley, New York, pp. 210 and 222.
Siggaard-Andersen, O. (1974). The Acid-Base Status of the Blood. Munksgaard, Copenhagen. pp. 29–44.
Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C., Des Rosiers, M.H., Patlak, C.S., Pettigrew, K.D., Sakurada, O. and Shinohara. M. (1977). The (14C) deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. J. Neurocher. 28: 897–916.
Spratt, N.T. (1951). Demonstration of spatial and temporal patterns of reducing enzyme systems in early chick blastoderms by neotetrozolium chloride, potassium telluritc and methylene blue. Anat. Rec. 109: 384–385.
Spratt, N.T. Jr. (1952). Metabolism of the early embryo. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 55: 40–50.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kučera, P., Raddatz, E., Baroffio, A. (1984). Oxygen and glucose uptakes in the early chick embryo. In: Seymour, R.S. (eds) Respiration and metabolism of embryonic vertebrates. Perspectives in vertebrate science, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6536-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6536-2_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6538-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6536-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive