Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recent Developments in the Homogeneous Catalysis of the Water-Gas Shift Reaction

  • Chapter
Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis

Part of the book series: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis ((AHCA,volume 5))

Abstract

The major portion of the world’s hydrogen supply is derived from steam cracking of hydrocarbons, particularly methane and naphtha, which produces water-gas:

$$ {C_x} + {H_2}O\xrightarrow{{catalyst}}CO + {H_2} + C{O_2} $$
(1)

Stripping the water-gas mixture of CO2 and any residual water gives syngas (CO/H2). If a particular industrial process using syngas requires that the ratio of CO to H2 in the syngas coming from (1) be adjusted in favor of H2 or if only pure H2 is required, as it would be in ammonia synthesis, then it is possible to catalytically convert the reducing equivalents of CO to H2 via the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR):

$$ {H_2}O + CO\xrightarrow{{catalyst}}{H_2} + C{O_2} $$
(2)
$$ \Delta G = - 6.82kcal/mol,\Delta H = - 9.84,\Delta S = - 10.1eufor{H_2}O\left( g \right)at{298^o}C $$
$$ \Delta G = - 4.76kcal/mol,\Delta H = 0.68,\Delta S = + 18.3eufor{H_2}O\left( \ell \right)at{298^o}G $$

In effect, the WGSR is another major source of the world’s hydrogen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. C. L. Thomas: Catalytic Processes and Proven Catalysts, Academic Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. I. Temkin: Adv. Catal. 28, 263–267 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. C. Ford: Acc. Chem. Res. 14, 31–37 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. W. Reppe: LiebigsAnn. Chem., 582 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  5. D. M. Fenton: U.S. Patent 3, 490, 872 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  6. D. M. Fenton: U.S. Patent 3, 539, 298 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. M. Fenton: U.S. Patent 3, 781, 364 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Richard M. Laine, Robert G. Rinker, and Peter C. Ford: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 252 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. C. Kang, C. H. Mauldon, T. Cole, W. Slegeir, K. Cann, and R. Pettit: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 8323 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C. H. Cheng, D. E. Hendriksen, and R. Eisenberg: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 2791–2792 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R. G. Pearson and H. Mauermann: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 500–504 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, J. F. Young, and G. Wilkinson: J. Chem. Soc., Z, 1711–1732 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  13. P. B. Chock and J. Halpern: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 3511–3514 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. L. Muetterties and P. L. Watson: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 6978–6989 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Marko and F. Ungvary: J. Organomet. Chem. 20, 205 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Evans and J. R. Norton: J. Am. Chem. Soc.96, 7577–7578 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. K. H. Brandes and H. B. Jonassen: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 343, 215 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. P. Collman, R. G. Finke, P. L. Matlock, R. Wahren, R. G. Komato, and J. I. Brauman: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 1119–1140 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. C. Bricker, C. C. Nagel, and S. G. Shore: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 1444–1445 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. P. Collman and L. S. Hegedus: Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemistry, pp. 69–70, Univ. Sci Books, Mill Valley, Calif. (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  21. C. P. Casey and S. M. Neuman: Adv. Chem. Ser. 173, 131–139 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Moore: Org. Reactions 5, 301–330 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. S. Paonessa and W. C. Trogler: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 3529–3530 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Eisenberg and D. E. Hendriksen: Adv. Catal. 28 79 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. J. Darensbourg, M. B. Fisher, R. E. Schmidt, Jr., and B. J. Baldwin: J. Am. Chem. Soc.103, 1297–1298 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. J. Darensbourg, A. Rokicki, and M. Y. Darensbourg: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 3223–3224 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. H. Strauss, K. H. Whitmire, and D. F. Shriver: J. Organomet. Chem. 174, C59–C62 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Aguilo: J. Catal. 13, 283 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R. S. Coffey: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 923–924 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  30. T. Yoshida, Y. Ueda, and S. Otsuka: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 3941–3942 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. M. Laine, R. G. Rinker, and P. C. Ford: unpublished work.

    Google Scholar 

  32. R. A. Grey, G. P. Pez, and A. Wallo: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103 7536–7542 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. J. Deeming and B. L. Shaw: J. Chem. Soc., A, 443 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  34. N. Grice, S. C. Kao, and R. Pettit: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 1627–1628 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Catellani and J. Halpern: J. Inorg. Chem. 19, 566–568 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. R. Sweet and W. A. G. Graham: Organomet. 1, 982–986 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. D. J. Darensbourg: Isr. J. Chem. 15, 247–252 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D. J. Darensbourg and A. Rokicki: Organomet. 1, 1685–1693 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Yoshida, T. Okano, and S. Otsuka: ACS Symposium Ser. 152, 79–94 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  40. E. L. Muetterties: Inorg. Chem.4, 1841 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. D. J. Darensbourg, and J. A. Froelich: J. Am. Chem. Soc 99, 4727–4729 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  42. R. L. Kump and L. J. Todd: Inorg. Chem.20, 3715–3718 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. T. Yoshida, T. Matsuda, T. Okano, T. Kitani, and S. Otsuka: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 2027–2038 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. T. Yoshida, T. Okano, K. Saito, and S. Otsuka: Inorg. Chim. Acta 44, L135–L136 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. G. Mason and J. A. Ibers: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 5153–5157 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. C. Ungermann, R. G. Rinker, P. C. Ford, V. Landis, S. A. Moya, and R. M. Laine: Adv. Chem. Ser. 173, 81–93 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. D. C. Gross and P. C. Ford: Inorg. Chem. 21, 1704–1706 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. G. Suss-Fink: J. Organomet. Chem. 193, C20–C22 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. R. G. Pearson, H. W. Walker, H. Mauermann, and P. C. Ford: Inorg. Chem. 20, 2741–2743 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. R. B. King. C. C. Frazier, R. M. Haines, and A. D. King: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 29252927 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  51. A. D. King. Jr. R. B. King, and D. B. Yang: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 1028–32 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. D. J. Darensbourg and A. Rokicki: ACS Symp. Ser. 152, 107–122 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. R. Pettit, K. Cann., T. Cole, C. H. Mauldin, and W. Slegeir: Ann. N.Y. Acad. of Sci. 333, 101–106 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Pettit, K. Cann, T. Cole, C. Mauldin, and W. Slegeir: Adv. Chem. Ser. 173, 121 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. W. A. R. Slegeir, R. S. Sapienza, and B. Easterling: ACS Symp. Ser. 152, 325–344 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. R. M. Laine, D. W. Thomas, S. E. Buttrill, and L. W. Cary: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 6527 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Y. Shvo, D. W. Thomas, and R. M. Laine: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 2461 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. R. M. Laine, D. W. Thomas, and L. W. Cary: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 1763–1764 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Kaneda, M. Hiraki, K. Sano, T. Imanaka, and S. Teranishi: J. Molec. Cat. 9, 227–230 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. P. C. Ford, R. G. Rinker, C. Ungermann, R. M. Laine, V. Landis, and S. A. Moya: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 4595 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. S. A. R. Knox, J. W. Koepke, M. A. Andrews, and H. D. Kaesz: J. Am. Chem.97, 3942 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. A. D. King, R. B. King and D. B. Yang: J. Chem. Soc., Chem Comm. 529–30 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  63. V. N. Zudin, V. A. Likholobov, Yu. I. Yermakov, and N. K. Yeremenko: Kinet. i Katal. 18, 524 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. E. C. Baker, D. E. Hendriksen, and R. Eisenberg: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 1020–1027 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. T. C. Singleton, L. J. Park, J. L. Price, and D. Forster: Prepr. Div. Pet. Chem. Am. Chem. Soc. 24, 329 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. P. A. Marnot, R. R. Ruppert, and J. P. Sauvage: Nouv. J. Chem. 5543–545 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. V. A. Likholobov, V. N. Zudin, and Yu. I. Yermakov: Proceedings of the Fifth Japanese-Soviet Seminar on Catalysis, Osaka, Japan, 9–18 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Yu. I. Yermakov: private communication.

    Google Scholar 

  69. C. H. Cheng and R. Eisenberg: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100 5968–5970 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  70. C. P. Kubiak and R. Eisenberg: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 3637–3639 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. P. C. Ford, P. Yarrow, and H. Cohen: ACS Symp. Ser. 152, 95–106 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Contribution from the Physical Organic Chemistry Department, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Richard M. Laine & Robert B. Wilson Jr.

Authors
  1. Richard M. Laine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert B. Wilson Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Universita di Milano, Italy

    Renato Ugo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Laine, R.M., Wilson, R.B. (1984). Recent Developments in the Homogeneous Catalysis of the Water-Gas Shift Reaction. In: Ugo, R. (eds) Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis. Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6363-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6363-4_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6365-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6363-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation