Abstract
In some respects, geopolitics was at the source of the concept of the “field” or “environment” in international relations theory. Geopolitics has been studied in turn conceptually as a pattern of relations, as a doctrine and at times as an ideology; its reputation reached a peak towards the end of the nineteenth century, and more particularly during the period between the two World Wars.
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References
Particularly The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, published in 1890.
As opposed to the outer insular crescent according to Mackinder’s theories. Cf. Derwent Whitlesey: “Haushofer: The Geopoliticians,” in Edward Mead Earle, Makers of Modern Strategy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943; paperback printing edition of 1971), p. 404. This inner crescent corresponds to Spykman’s “Rimland” and to Brzezinskifs “arc of crisis.”
Hence the term defending the interests of socialism on the periphery used by Helene Carrere d’Encausse.
Pakistan might also be destined for a supporting role.
Cf. Hajo Holborn “Moltke and Schlieffen: The Prussian-German School” in Edward Mead Earle, op.cit., p. 183.
During the Second World War, national navies lost 21.6 million tons, 68% of which was sunk by submarines of the Axis powers. In the Mediterranean alone, 44 of Allied losses were the result of air attacks. Cf. George Lindsey, Protection of Shipping in the 1980s (mimeographed), Ottawa, ORAE.
Aan, Document X201 (1980), p. 4.
Cf. Charles Di Bona and William O’Keefe, “Quantifying the Sealane Problem,” in Paul H. Nitze and Leonard Sullivan, Jr., Securing the Seas: The Soviet Naval Challenge and Western Alliance Options (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press Inc., 1979 ), pp. 337–380.
George Lindsey, op.cit., p. 21.
Albert Wohlstetter, “Illusions of Distance,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 46, No. 2, January 1968, pp. 242–255.
U.S.-Soviet Military Balance, pp. 527–530.
With the C-5A Galaxy, the C-141 Starlifter and the C-130E Hercules, the United States has a load-carrying capacity of nearly 20,000 tons. However, it could not maintain a 30-day reserve capacity to meet the dual requirement of airlifts to Europe and to the Gulf region. Cf. Patrick Oster, “U.S. Ability to Move War Gear Lags,” Chicago Sun-Times, 28 June 1981. See also the May 1981 edition of the Armed Forces Journal.
About 110 aircraft (fighters and interceptors).
Tom Wheelock, “America’s Security in the 1980s,” 23rd ISSS Conference, London, p. 6.
Cf. Jacques Soppelsa, “Géopolitique et Stratégie,” Defense Nationale, June 1980.
Cf. Colin S. Gray, The Geopolitics of the Nuclear Era: Heartland, Rimlands and the Technological Revolution (New York: Crane, Russak&Co., Inc., 1977 ), p. 38.
Cf. David Layzer, “The Arrow of Time,” Scientific American, December 1975, pp. 56–70. Here Layzer draws upon Shannon’s general theories. See also Warren G. Proctor, “Negative Absolute Temperatures,” Scientific American, August 1978, pp. 90–102, and especially p. 93.
Until quite recently data were processed by the Illiac 4, the data-processing capacity of which was almost as high as that of the Cray-1. The difference lies in the capacity of the Cray-1 for real-time data processing.
Cf. George Lindsey, The Battlefield of the 1990’s, 0RAE Memorandum M 110, Ottawa, December 1982, p. 11.
Ibid.
Can Nuclear War Be Controlled? Adelphi Papers 169, IISS, London, 1981.
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© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague
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Legault, A. (1985). Geopolitics and the Conduct of Modern Warfare. In: Zoppo, C.E., Zorgbibe, C. (eds) On Geopolitics: Classical and Nuclear. NATO ASI Series, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6230-9_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6230-9_8
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