Abstract
In international reality the present is firmly connected with the past; as it is in science. In regard to the future, however, both politics and science contain more mystery and imagination than can be constructed with the tools currently available to knowledge.
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References
Harold and Margaret Sprout, “Geography and International Politics in an Era of Revolutionary Change,” Journal of Conflict Resolution (March 1960).
Benjamin Most and Harvey Starr, “International Relations Theory, Foreign Policy Substitutability, and ‘Nice’ Laws,” World Politics (April 1984), p. 393.
Sprout, op.cit.
Jean Klein, ante, Chapter 2.
Oran Young, Systemic Approach to International Politics, Research Monograph No. 33, Center of International Studies, Princeton University (June 1968), p. 57.
Most and Starr, op.cit., p. 392.
Hayward Alker, Jr., “The Long Road to International Relations Theory,” in Morton Kaplan, ed., New Approaches to International Relations ( New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1968 ), pp. 142–143.
William Fox, ante, Chapter 1.
Richard Ashley, “Realistic Dialectics: Toward a Critical Theory of World Politics,” American Political Science Association, Denver, Colorado (September 1982), p. 25.
Robert Keohane, “Theory of World Politics: Structural Realism and Beyond,” in Ada Finifer, ed., Political Science: The State of the Discipline (Washington, D. C.: American Political Science Asssociation, 1983 ), p. 51.
These concepts are developed in Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Relations (London: Addison-Wesley Publishers, 1979 ). Thereafter referred to as “Structural Realism.”
Young, op.cit., p. 7.
Idem.
R. Keohane, op.cit., p. 511.
Harold Mackinder, “The Round World and the Winning of the Peace,” Foreign Affairs (July 1943).
An interesting attempt is: Colin Gray, The Geopolitics of the Nuclear Era (New York: Crane, Russak & Co., 1977 ).
R. Keohane, op.cit., p. 511.
Ibid., p. 504.
W. Fox, ante, Chapter 1.
D. Ball, ante, Chapter 6, and H. Moineville, ante, Chapter 8.
Albert Wohlstetterfs writings are the best examples. See his seminal: “The Delicate Balance of Terror,” Foreign Affairs (April 1958), and Wohlstetter and others, Selection and Use of Strategic Air Bases, R-266, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, April 1954 (declassified version June 1962).
Robert Jervis, “Deterrence Theory Revisited,” World Politics (January 1982).
Two policy-oriented studies, representative of many, suggest the continued usefulness of traditional geopolitics: Robert Hanks, The Cape Route: Imperiled Western Lifeline, Institute of Foreign Policy Analysis, Washington, D.C. (February 1981), and Jeffrey Record, The Rapid Deployment Force and U.S. Military Intervention in the Persian Gulf, Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Washington, D.C. (February 1981 ).
An attempt to address this interface is: Giacomo Luciani, ed., The Mediterranean Region: Economic Interdependence and the Future of Security (New York: St. Martinis Press, 1984 ).
Garry Brewer and Peter deLeon, The Foundations of Policy Analysis ( Homewood, Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1983 ), p. 5.
Ibid., p. 12.
Most and Starr, op.cit., p. 404.
Joseph Brownowski, Science and Human Values ( New York: Harper, 1965 ), p. 15.
Harold and Margaret Sprout, “Environmental Factors in the Study of International Politics,” in James Rosenau, ed., International Politics and Foreign Policy ( New York: The Free Press, 1961 ), pp. 108–109.
Ibid., p. 102.
Harold and Margaret Sprout, An Ecolological Paradigm for the Study of International Politics, Research Monograph No. 30, Center for International Studies, Princeton University (1968).
Harold and Margaret Sprout, in Rosenau, op.cit., p. 109.
K. Waltz, op.cit., p. 121.
Ibid., pp. 118, 119.
Kenneth Gergen, The Psychology of Behavior Exchange ( London: Addison-Wesley Publishers, 1969 ), p. 5.
K. Waltz, op.cit., Chapter 8, “Structural Causes and Military Effects,” pp. 161–193.
Ibid., p. 168.
Ibid., p. 171.
Idem.
K. Waltz, op.cit., p. 168.
Ibid., p. 173.
A discussion of the circumstances of the three Punic Wars is in: M. Cary, A History of Rome (London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 2nd edition, 1954), pp. 142–151, 159–176, 191–193.
Ibid., p. 173.
Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World ( New York: Pelikan Mentor Books, 1948 ), p. 159.
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© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague
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Zoppo, C. (1985). The Future of Geopolitics. In: Zoppo, C.E., Zorgbibe, C. (eds) On Geopolitics: Classical and Nuclear. NATO ASI Series, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6230-9_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6230-9_12
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