Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cerebral Blood Flow

  • Chapter
Book cover Critical Care of the Child

Part of the book series: Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology ((DCCA,volume 8))

  • 38 Accesses

Abstract

Measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the animal laboratory and on the clinical service differs in methodology and to a certain extent in rationale. This review will include a brief discussion of experiments from our own laboratory that compare the regulation of CBF in fetal, newborn and adult animals, followed by a comment on the advantages and shortcomings of CBF measurements on the clinical service. I will attempt to put CBF measurements in some perspective. The principal disadvantage of measuring CBF alone, in either the laboratory or clinical situation, is that CBF is just one of a number of variables that determine the brain’s well-being. A CBF value has to be considered in the context of cerebral energy requirements, on the one hand, and blood metabolic substrate concentrations on the other. The real criterion of the adequacy of CBF in an hypoxic subject, for example, is the functional state of the brain. New techniques of neurological monitoring that promise to give the clinician direct access to the brain’s level of function and its metabolic energy status will be mentioned at the end of the review.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Granger HJ, Goodman AH, Cook BH: Metabolic models of microcirculatory regulation. Fed Proc 34:2025–2030, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Granger HJ, Goodman AH, Granger DN: Role of resistance and exchange vessels in local microvascular control of skeletal muscle oxygenation in the dog. Circ Res 38:379–385, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Behrman RE, Lees MH: Organ blood flows of the fetal, newborn and adult rhesus monkey. Biol Neonate 18:330–340, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kreuzer F: Oxygen supply to tissues: the Krogh model and its assumptions. Experientia 38:1415–1426, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jones MD Jr, Sheldon RE, Peeters LL, Meschia G, Battaglia FC, Makowski EL: Fetal cerebral oxygen consumption at different levels of oxygenation. J Appl Physiol 43:1080–1084, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jones MD Jr, Traystman RJ, Simmons MA, Molteni RA: Effects of changes in arterial O2 content on cerebral blood flow in the lamb. Am J Physiol 240 (Heart Circ Physiol 9):H209–H215, 1981

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Koehler RC, Traystman RJ, Zeger S, Rogers MC, Jones MD Jr: Comparison of cerebrovascular response to hypoxic and carbon monoxide hypoxia in newborn and adult sheep. J Cerebral Blood Flow and Metab 4:115–122, 1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jones MD, Rosenberg AA, Koehler RC, Traystman RJ, Simmons MA, Molteni RA: Oxygen delivery to the brain before and after birth. Science 216:324–325, 1982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Koehler RC, Jones MD, Traystman RJ: Cerebral circulatory response to carbon monoxide and hypoxic hypoxia in the lamb. Am J Physiol 243:H27–H32, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jones MD Jr, Rosenberg AA, Traystman RJ, Koehler RC: Oxyhemoglobin dissociation and cerebral O2 delivery in fetal sheep. Fed Proc 41:1527, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  11. Berne RM, Winn HR, Rubio R: The local regulation of cerebral blood flow. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 24:243–260, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kontos HA, Wei EP, Raper AJ, Rosenblum WI, Navari RM, Patterson JL Jr: Role of tissue hypoxia in local regulation of cerebral microcirculation. Am J Physiol 234:H582–H591, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Koehler RC, Traystman RJ, Rosenberg AA, Hudak ML, Jones MD Jr: Role of O2-hemoglobin affinity in cerebrovascular response to carbon monoxide hypoxia. Am J Physiol H1019–H1023, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  14. Battaglia FC, McGaughey H, Makowski EL, Meschia G: Postnatal changes in oxygen affinity of sheep red cells: a dual role of diphosphoglyceric acid. Am J Physiol 219:217–221, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bard H, Teasdale F: Red cell oxygen affinity, hemoglobin type, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and pH as a function of fetal development. Pediatrics 64:483–487, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wade JPH, du Boulay GH, Marshall J, Pearson TC, Ross Russell RW, Shirley JA, Symon L, Wetherly-Mein G, Zilkha E: Cerebral blood flow, haematocrit and viscosity in subjects with a high oxygen affinity haemoglobin variant. Acta Neurol Scand 61:210–215, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jones MD Jr, Sheldon RE, Peeters LL, Makowski EL, Meschia G: Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol 235:162–166, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ashwal S, Majcher JS, Longo LD: Patterns of fetal lamb regional cerebral blood flow during and after prolonged hypoxia: studies during the posthypoxic recovery period. Am J Obstet Gynecol 139:365–372, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Borgstrom LH, Johannsson H, Siesjo BK: The influence of acute normovolemic anemia on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption of anesthetized rats. Acta Physiol Scand 93:505–514, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fumia FD, Edelstone DI, Caritis SN, Mueller-Heubach EM: Relationship of O2 delivery and blood flow to arterial O2 content (CaO2) in fetal lambs: effects of isovolemic anemia and polycythemia. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, p 125, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  21. Paulson OB, Parving HH, Olesen J, and Skinhoj E: Influence of carbon monoxide and of hemodilution on cerebral blood flow and blood gases in man. J Appl Physiol 35:111–116, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Doblar DD, Santiago TV, Edelman NH: Correlation between ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses to inhalation of CO J Appl Physiol 43:455–462, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Roughton FJW: Transport of organ and carbon dioxide. In: Handbook of Physiology. Respiration. Vol 1. American Physiological Society, Washington, pp 767–825, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  24. Traystman RJ, Fitzgerald RS, Loscutoff SC: Cerebral circulatory responses to arterial hypoxia in normal and chemodenervated dogs. Circ Res 42:649–657, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mahler HR, Cordes EH: Biological oxidations. In: Biological Chemistry, 2nd Ed, Harper & Row Publishers, New York, p 631–711, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wright GR, Shepard RJ: Physiological effect of carbon monoxide. In: Robertshaw D (ed), International Review of Physiology. Environmental Physiology III, Vol 20. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 311–368, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  27. Savolainen H, Kurppa K, Tenhunen R, Kivisto H: Biochemical effects of carbon monoxide poisoning in rat brain with special reference to blood carboxyhemoglobin and cerebral cytochrome oxidase activity. Neurosci Lett 19:319–323, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fujishima M, Scheinberg P, Busto R, Reinmuth OM: The relation between cerebral oxygen consumption and cerebral vascular reactivity to carbon dioxide. Stroke 2:251–257, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hernandez MJ, Brennan RW, Vannucci RC, Bowman GS: Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the newborn dog. Am J Physiol 234:R209–R215, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Reivich M, Brann AW Jr, Shapiro H, Rawson J, Sano N: Reactivity of cerebral vessels to CO2 in the newborn rhesus monkey. Eur Neurol 6:132–136, 1971/1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rosenberg AA, Jones MD Jr, Traystman RJ, Simmons MA, Molteni RA: Response of cerebral flood flow to changes in PCO2 in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep. Am J Physiol 242:H86–H866, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kontos HA, Raper AJ, Patterson JL Jr: Analysis of vasoactivity of local pH, PCO2 and bicarbonate on pial vessels. Stroke 8:358–360, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kety SS, Schmidt CF: The determination of cerebral blood flow in man by the use of nitrous oxide in low concentrations. Am J Physiol 143:53–56, 1945

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Purves MJ: The Physiology of the Cerebral Circulation. Cambridge University Press, London, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  35. Todd MM, Shapiro HM, Obrist WD: Cerebral blood flow measurements in the critically ill patient. In: Grenvik A, Safar P (ed), Brain Failure and Resuscitation. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 125–154, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cold GE, Jensen FT: Cerebral blood flow in the acute phase after head injury. Part 1: Correlation to age of the patients, clinical outcome and localization of the infused region. Acta Anaesth Scand 24:245–251, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Donegan JM, Koehler RC, Jones MD Jr, Rogers MC, Traystman RJ: Effect of reduced cerebral O2 consumption on the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia. Physiologist 24:77, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  38. Smith AL: Effect of anesthetics and oxygen deprivation on brain blood flow and metabolism. Surg Clin North Am 55:819–837, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Smith, FW: Nuclear magnetic resonance in the investigation of cerebral disorder. J Cerebral Blood Flow and Metab 3:263–269, 1983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Greenberg RP, Ward JD, Lutz H, Miller JD, Becker DP: Advanced monitoring of the brain. In: Grenvik A, Safar P (ed), Brain Failure and Resuscitation. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 67–90, 1981

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. Douglas Jones Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Thoraxcentrum Academic Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    O. Prakash MD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jones, M.D. (1984). Cerebral Blood Flow. In: Prakash, O. (eds) Critical Care of the Child. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6036-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6036-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6038-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6036-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation